Islamic Media Bibliometric analysis based on scientific publications in ASEAN countries

The media is familiar with the ears of every human being. The media has been popular from antiquity to the present. The media may be interpreted as an intermediary or tool humans use to notify (Karo-Karo & Rohani, 2018). Such notification could be an information message addressed to someone or the public. Media can be audio from individual to individual (dakwah), from audio (radio) messages, mass media (television), pictures (paintings), as well as story forms written through books and newspapers (newspapers, magazines). In the Islamic media, rules, ethics, and values in Islam must always be applied to the management of media business (Aziz, 2017). Islam used the media in Islamic history to broadcast its sermons in various regions. Even today, Islam still uses the mass media as a medium of dakwah, and this is a must in Islam (Mamdud, 2019). However, over time, the media is not only used as a medium of dakwah but, in its development, is also used to expand the economy in every region of the country. Over the years, Islamic media has played a significant role in the Islamic economy. In addition, the inclusion of Islamic or halal media as one of the indicators for global Islamic economic reports in 10 countries each year can also prove the role of Islamic media in economic development (Agustina, Afriadi, Pratama, & Lestari, 2019). Islamic media has grown in the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian) countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, the Philippines, and Myanmar, which are called Asian economic powers that have opportunities in economic cooperation, technology, knowledge, and innovation (Tupan, & Rachmawati, 2018). Therefore, this will be an excellent opportunity for Islamic media to participate in the economic development of ASEAN countries in the present and the future. Islamic media has a role in economic development; this can be seen from the many institutions in ASEAN countries that study multiple forms of Islamic media and make them into national and international scientific publications. The researchers conducted the study both individually and collaboratively. The collaboration carried out only between ASEAN countries is defined as regional collaboration (Amelia, Nadhiroh, Rahmaida, Hardiyati, & Handayani, 2017). Research collaboration itself can be characterized as a form of collaboration carried out by one or two or more people (researchers) to achieve a common goal of producing a work (Arlianis, 2016) Author collaboration occurs due to several factors, which include first, personal factors, namely motivation, and interest in participating; second, professional factors, which involve experience and skills as well as the quality of research problems; the third factor is the factor of research organizations and collaboration of national and international organizations (Rusdi et al., 2020). From this collaboration, several researchers have employed the bibliometric analysis method in their research. Bibliometric analysis is a bibliographical analysis based on a person’s premise in a study, but the researcher must also relate assumptions made by others (Mubarrok & Rahmawati, 2020). In his study, Hakim (2020) explained that bibliometrics measures the development of research, literature, documents, and books in a particular sector quantitatively and qualitatively using statistical methods. It is carried out to see and measure research productivity in developing publications by scientists/institutions. From a technical point of view, productivity can be interpreted as a comparison produced by output with the number of resources affected (input) during the production process (Nasution, 2014). Tupan and Rachmawati (2018) have conducted a study on science and technology bibliometric analysis in ASEAN countries, which aims to examine the growth in the number of science and technology scientific publications and the productivity of researchers. This study also used data collection techniques on the Scopus database. The resulting data was then analyzed using Microsoft Word 2010, and the development of maps in publications was analyzed using the VOS viewer. Indraswari (2016) also conducted a regional cooperation study within the ASEAN country university network (AUN) and national universities through the AUN thematic network. Payumo and Sutton (2015) have also conducted bibliometric research on ASEAN collaborations in plant biotechnology. In this study, they used scientific paper data with publications of 10 years from 2004 to 2013 to study research performance and the impact of plant biotechnology, as well as studying the cooperation of ASEAN member countries in plant biotechnology. Busro, Mailana, and Sarifudin (2021) also carried out a study on bibliometric analysis to map research trends related to Islamic education in international publications. Their study also extracted data with the Scopus database from 1928 to 2020 with five stages: determining keywords, conducting data searches, selecting article data, validating data, and finally, data analysis. All data were then analyzed with VOSviewer software. From this study, the researchers hoped to enhance novelty in scientific publications in Islamic media and provide an overview of the development of scientific work in the ASEAN region. The researchers hoped this research would help other researchers do scientific work by implementing the R-Package. Thus, the researchers analyzed the following research questions: (1) What is the core information in scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries? (2) How is the growth of Islamic scientific media publications in ASEAN countries based on the most relevant authors? (3) How much is the country's scientific production in Islamic media scientific publications in ASEAN countries? (4) How big are scientific publications in Islamic media growth in ASEAN countries according to the document type? (5) How many scholarly publications in Islamic media are by active affiliation or institution in ASEAN countries? (6) How is the growth of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries based on the conceptual structure of the co-occurrence network? This study aimed as follows: (1) to obtain the core information of Islamic media scientific publications in the ASEAN countries database. (2) to determine the growth of Islamic media scientific publications in ASEAN countries based on the most relevant authors. (3) To determine the number of countries' scientific production in Islamic media scientific publications in ASEAN countries on the Scopus database. (4) To find out the development of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries based on the types of documents in the Scopus database. (5) To determine the number of scientific publications in Islamic media by affiliation or active institutions in ASEAN countries on the Scopus database. (6) studying the growth of Islamic media scientific publications in ASEAN countries based on the co-occurrence network conceptual structure using the Biblioshiny Website Interface on the R-Package software application.

The study used a quantitative descriptive method. The analysis used the bibliometric analysis method by collecting data from the Scopus database. Data collection techniques included a search system on the Scopus database using the keyword “Islamic media” based on the category of article titles, abstracts, and keywords. From the keyword “Islamic Media”, the researchers obtained a population of 2,299 documents. However, in this analysis, they only used documents from the ASEAN countries to suit the research. Following documents with the keyword “Islamic media” in ASEAN countries, the authors obtained a population of 322 documents from 1991-2021. Then, in the population of 322 documents, the author again limited the types of documents by using only articles and conference papers. The document's population was limited to 280 documents (articles and conference papers) from 2007 to 2021. Analysis techniques of the data were drawn from documents that contained the number of Islamic media publications that were analyzed based on years, authors, authors’ origin, and subjects that were fed into data of BibTeX Extention, which was then analyzed using the Biblioshiny Website Interface that had the first two analyses and a plot for three different metrics sources that was the author’s document and article’s documents. Meanwhile, the second analysis was an analysis of the three knowledge structures; the first of conceptual structures, the second of intellectual structures, and the last of social structures. Before it was analyzed using the Biblioshiny’s Website Interface, it used the R-Package software application. The R-Package software techniques were used to analyze data statistics and graphs as well as visualize data from the Scopus database easily.

This research examined scientific publications of Islamic media in ASEAN countries, which were analyzed using the bibliometric method with the R-Package software application adapted for the Biblioshiny Website Interface, which retrieved data from the Scopus database for up to 280 documents population from 2007 to 2021. From the data processing carried out, the researchers obtained the following results. First, the core information about scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries was obtained from the Scopus database with the keywords “Islamic media” processed in Biblioshiny in the R-Package application program. The first data discussed was the core information or initial information. In this core information, the data used had a period ranging from 2007 to 2021, had a source (journals, books, and others) of 161, had a document of 280, an average yearthe publication of 5, 56, averts-average per year document of 6.079, excerpt avertsaverage per year document 0.8314, and reference 10418. This core information contained two types of documents already restricted by the researcher, who only used articles and conference papers as the document type. There were 238 types of article documents, while conference papers were only 42 documents. Furthermore, the document contained two keywords, plus (ID) and author (DE). The number of keywords plus was 723, while the author keywords (DE) were 888. Then, in the Scopus database with the keywords “Islamic media in ASEAN countries”, 685 authors were found out of 280 documents. In addition, there were 754 authors, 77 authors for single documents and 608 for multi-authored documents. Of the 280 documents, 82 single written document collaborations were found, 0.409 per author, 2.45 per document, 2.69 coauthors per document, and the last collaborative index found 3.13 data. Second, the growth of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries, according to the most relevant authors. Many authors have written scientific papers from the past until now. The style of writing scientific papers needs to be systematic in terms of language and thought. Scientific research results are works that must be accounted for by a scientific writer. The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) movement provides cloud-based research to facilitate research so that research data can be managed appropriately. The movement has been carried out worldwide to encourage research activities to be conducted accurately. This is done to account for scientific research so that other researchers can use it for trials (Trianggoro, Tupan, Djaenudin, Widuri, & Rahayu, 2021). Only a few people can do relevant scientific research. According to Fitri and Prasetyawan (2020), the generations that are still productive in writing scientific papers are the X, Y, and Z generations. Generation X are scientific writers who are lecturers, Generation Y is people with Master’s status, and undergraduate and postgraduate students mostly dominate Generation Z. Regarding the most relevant authors, the researcher explained that table 1 below was obtained from the R-Package program application software, which used the Biblioshiny Website Interface. Of the many authors on the Scopus database who discussed scientific publications on the Islamic media, the researcher collected only 20 of the most relevant authors. Two of the 20 most relevant authors who wrote the most articles produced four articles. Then, there were eight authors with three articles, and the last ten authors wrote only two. After the above description, the researcher then made fractionation against the article obtained by the most relevant author described in table 1. Table 1 discussed the fractionation of the 20 most relevant authors, who made 17.56 fractionated articles. From the fractionation articles, the highest score was obtained by Akmaliah W., with a gain of 4.00 fractionation articles. The fractionation article that got the lowest score was Abd. Ghani MZ, Asha’ari MF, Don AG, and Endot I. each obtained 0.15 of an article fractionation with acquisition at two articles. Based on the table, several authors received different fractional sums after fractionating their articles. Ismail Z. obtained the highest number of articles with four articles; however, it became less, namely 0.54 articles after fractionation. In contrast to Rahmani I., who received three items but received a total of 3.00 fractionated items after each fractionation and MS Al Fajri obtained two items after fractionation, his gain was higher than Ismail Z. and obtained 2.00 fractionated articles (table 1). Table 1 The most relevant authors Authors Article Article fractionation Akmaliah W 4 4,00 Ismail Z 4 0,54 Abdullah A 3 0,83 Ahmad Al 3 0,92 Ashaari Mf 3 0,95 Hamjah Sh 3 0,29 Haque A 3 0,81 Rakhmani I 3 3,00 Rasit Rm 3 0,59 Ritonga M 3 0,62 Abd Ghani Mz 2 0,15 Ahmad A 2 0,67 Ahmad S 2 0,31 Al Fajri Ms 2 2,00 Ariffin Sa 2 0,25 Asha'ari Mf 2 0,15 Baulch E 2 1,00 Dakir J 2 0,18 Don Ag 2 0,15 Endot I 2 0,15 Source: Result of data processing from Biblioshiny, 2021 The third described the number of state scientific production in Islamic media scientific publications in ASEAN countries. The following map shows countries collaborating in state scientific production based on scientific publications in Islamic media. Of the total scientific production of countries in the Scopus database, researchers only took 20 countries that have collaborated with Islamic media scientific publications in economic development (figure 1). Figure 1. State scientific production Source: Biblioshiny, 2021 The researcher has revealed that studies of Islamic media in state scientific production are mainly carried out in countries where the majority of the population is Muslim, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Malaysia ranks first in acquiring the country's scientific production with 228 frequencies. In second place is Indonesia, which gets 180 frequencies, and third place in Singapore, which has 21 frequencies. The fourth place is Australia with 16 frequencies, and the fifth is Bangladesh with eight frequencies. Furthermore, in other countries, their scientific production is lower than the five countries mentioned above, and some have a similar number of frequencies (table 2). Table 2 State scientific production Country Frequency Malaysia 228 Indonesia 180 Singapore 21 Australia 16 Bangladesh 8 UK 7 Thailand 5 Philippines 4 Saudi Arabia 4 Usa 4 Austria 2 China 2 Netherlands 2 Pakistan 2 Finland 1 France 1 Germany 1 India 1 Iran 1 Japan 1 Source: Result of data processing from Biblioshiny, 2021 Furthermore, fourth place is the growth in the number of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries by type of document. In the Scopus database with the keyword “Islamic media”, the researcher obtained several types of documents, including articles, reference papers, reviews, books, book chapters, editorials, and notes. However, the researcher then limited the types of documents and only took journal articles and conference paper documents, which were then analyzed using Scopus.id on Analyze search results. Then, the resulting document type was modified with a document chart by type. Below is a pie chart showing the number of presentation articles and conference papers retrieved from the Scopus database (figure 2). Figure 2. Document type Source: Result of data processing from Scopus, 2021 Then from the figure above, the researcher inferred that the document type diagram illustrated the frequency and presentation per document type. The first was an article with a total frequency of 238 after adding up the percentage of 85%. In second place were conference papers, with a total of 42 frequencies after adding up the conference papers, which had a percentage of 15%. So, all types of document articles and conference papers had a total of 280 frequencies and a percentage of 100%. Fifth, it discussed the number of scholarly publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries according to active affiliations or institutions. After analyzing the Scopus database, the researcher found many affiliations or institutions that actively published scholarly works on Islamic media in ASEAN countries. Here the researcher only took the top affiliation, 12 of them. Then the researcher summarized it in the table. The table showed that the affiliates that most often discussed Islamic media were in existing institutions or universities in Malaysia. Unlike Indonesia, the institutions that published scientific works in Islamic media were found only in 2 affiliations, the Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, and Universitas Indonesia. While in Singapore, only at the National University of Singapore. The affiliation that obtained the most frequency was Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, with 31 frequencies and obtained a percentage of 11%. Followed in second place by the International Islamic University Malaysia with several scientific publications of 29 frequencies with a percentage of 10%. In third place was the University of Malaysia, with 24 scientific publication frequencies with a percentage of 9%. The other top affiliations had several frequencies below 20. Analysis from the Scopus database of scientific publications of Islamic media in ASEAN countries according to active affiliation or institutions in other countries is presented in table 3 as Table 3 Active affiliation or institution Affiliate Frequency Presentation %(N=280) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 31 11% International Islamic University Malaysia 29 10% Universiti Malaysia 24 9% Universiti Sains Malaysia 13 5% Universiti Utara Malaysia 11 4% Universiti Teknologi MARA 11 4% Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Yogyakarta 10 4% Universiti Putra Malaysia 8 3% Universitas Indonesia 8 3% National University of Singapore 7 3% Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 7 3% Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 6 2% Source : Result of data processing Scopus, 2021a Finally, the sixth section discussed the growth of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries based on the conceptual structure of the CoOccurrence Network. The results of Islamic media document data from the Scopus database were exported as a BibTeX file which was then analyzed in the Biblioshiny Website Interface. The researchers analyzed the data into a conceptual structure and visualized it using a co-occurrence network with the plus keyword. Data visualization alone is the ability to briefly and clearly describe information in charts, diagrams, periodic rows, and so on (Kurniasih, 2016). The visualization results with the keyword “Islamic media” can be seen in figure 3. Figure 3. Co–occurrent network Source: Biblioshiny, 2021 Figure 3 shows the data visualization results on the co-occurrence network. Conceptually, the structure of Islamic media was divided into four clusters: red, blue, green, and purple. Firstly, the red cluster consisted of 18 keywords: Islam, female, humans, Malaysia, adult, articles, religion, male, middle age, adolescent, Bangladesh, ethnology, literature, priority journals, psychological practices, young adults, and questionnaire. Second, the blue cluster consisted of 9 keywords: social media, Indonesia, Islamism, social networking, economic and social effects, Facebook, the role of the media, travel, and the world wide web. Third, the green cluster comprised six keywords: students, learning systems, educational computing, data analysis, qualitative approaches, and teaching. The last one was the purple cluster, which consisted of three keywords: enlightenment, medicine, religion, and medicine. Of the four clusters above, the red cluster was the most frequently used in scientific publications in Islamic media. The blue and green clusters under the red cluster keywords followed the most extensive keywords. The last one was the purple cluster with the fewest keywords among the other three. The closer the color spacing was in the four clusters, the more keyword relations would be used. However, if the color distance were farther away, the keywords used would be fewer.

In conclusion, after examining the Scopus database Biblioshiny Website Interface with the keyword “Islamic media in ASEAN countries”, researchers have obtained a population of 322 documents from 1991-2021. The core information from 2007 to 2021 describes key information about data, document types, document content, authors, and author collaborations from the data of 20 authors on the growth of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries, based on the most relevant authors, Akmaliah W. and Ismail Z. who have obtained four articles. Of the total scientific production in a country, 20 countries have collaborated on Islamic media scientific publications, and Malaysia has the most frequency with 228 frequencies. The number of scholarly publications in Islamic media has grown by type of document after being limited to 2 types of articles with a frequency of 238, a percentage of 85%, and coherent papers having a frequency of 42, at 15%. The number of scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries based on the highest concentration of active institutions is obtained by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with a frequency of 31 times and presentations of 11%. In the conceptual structure using co-occurrence network visualization with the keyword plus, four clusters can be found: red, blue, green, and purple. It can be seen in the four clusters that the closer the color distance is, the more keywords are used. However, fewer keywords will be used if the color distance is farther away. In this study, the researcher only analyzes scientific publications in Islamic media in ASEAN countries. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to evaluate research by analyzing scientific publications in Islamic media on Scopus.id, not only in ASEAN countries but also in countries worldwide. The researcher uses R-Packages application software in this study so that information and explanations about scientific publications in Islamic media can be more precise and detailed for readers. In addition, researchers who wish to analyze their research using bibliometrics can use the R-Package software application more broadly.