USER ANALYSIS OF LIBRARY USAGE TO FULFILL INFORMATION NEEDS

Library is an organization that will continue to grow and develop. Higher education institutions may not be organized well if students or lecturers are not supported by the needed resources for learning and teaching processes. Academic libraries have wide collections ranging from books to magazines, both printed and digital. Students, in addition to receiving materials from lecturers, are also expected to keep pursuing their knowledge independently by using the learning resources facility provided by the university; the library. In addition to books, academic libraries have also provided a collection of scientific journals and magazines. Journal itself is one of the media used by researchers to disseminate the scholarly works; a scientific journal contains updated information and the latest researches compared to the book. Librarians often measure and consider the use of resources and services through library visitors to demonstrate their effective management. The aims of those measurements can be used for taking managerial decisions about the collection wheater a collection should be purchased or not, the required personnel, the provision of services and facilities in the library User surveys are useful for developing academic libraries that constantly suit their collection according to the users’ needs which always constantly change. However, user surveys as the basis to make decisions regarding library upgrades, will not be optimally conducted if two very important things are not implemented (Chow, 2017). Library user surveys become a medium to collect users’ data and raise awareness as well as interest in libraries. The more information gained from library users the more improvement of library services. Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR) is one of the universities in Indonesia that that is targeted by the Indonesian government to enter the 500 World Class Universities list along with four other universities in Indonesia. UNAIR Surabaya has a library that is divided into three locations in Campus A, B and C. In addition, some faculties have also provided a reading room with resource reading materials that are suited to users’ needs. The university library has stored and organized seventeen thousand titles of books and various other collections consisting of journals and students theses, starting from diploma to doctorate programs. The library has also subscribed e_x0002_journals in accordance with the fields of study that exist in UNAIR. The aim of this research is to determine on which level does UNAIR library is used and visited, the result of this research may be worthy for stakeholders to help the library in improving their services so that it will be more helpful for the academic community.

a. Demographics of Respondents Table 3. Demographic of Respondents Variable Frequency Percentage Gender Female 363 73,5 Male 131 26,5 Age Group 16-20 334 66.3 21-25 150 29.8 26-30 4 0.8 31-35 2 0.4 36-40 3 0.4 41-45 1 0.2 Level 1 190 38,5 2 105 21,3 3 125 25,3 4 67 13,6 5 7 1,4 b. Student Activities in the Library Table 4. Students’ Activities in UNAIR Library Activities Number Percentage Borrowing books 126 25,5 Reading library collection 95 19,2 Discussing 203 41,1 Using the Internet service 59 11,9 Other 11 2,2 Total 494 100,0 Table 5. Library Users’ Visit Frequency Visit Frequency Frequency Percentage Everyday 15 3.04 Some times a week 132 26.72 Once a week 45 9.11 Some times a month 160 32.38 Once a month 47 9.51 Some times a year 95 19.23 Total 494 100 Average visit 3,24 Table 6. Learning Materials for Lectures Learning Material Frequency Percentage Library collection 192 38,9 Internet 302 61,1 Total 494 100 Table 7. Collection Types for Learning Materials Collection Types Frequency Percentage Text book Printed 203 41,1 Digital 245 49,6 Journal Printed 51 10,3 E-journal 378 76,5 Table 8. Internet Facility Websites Frequency Percentage Search engine (Google) 321 65,0 Online journals 125 25,3 Blog 11 2,2 Organization websites 5 1,0 Other 9 1,8 Total 494 100 c. Library Quality Assessment by Students Tabel 9. Library Quality Assessment by Students Quality Very Good Good Lacking Very Lacking Average Collection 106 309 71 8 3,03 Building 114 346 33 1 3,16 Internet 85 240 152 17 2,80 Facility 122 337 54 1 3,26 Librarian 84 320 89 1 2,99 Library users’ satisfaction has long become the focus of library development. This is because libraries are built and developed to meet their users’ needs. From the findings, it can be seen that the frequency of university students mostly visited the library is several times a month. However, from the actual frequency of visits, it is included in rare categories with an average visit value of 3.24 (Table 3). The development of technology communication and information has helped students to access information in ease. This affected the number of visits to libraries, in which direct visits to the library become stagnant or declining (Baihaqi, 2014) (Wulandari and Nugraha, 2011). In contrast, the level of visits to UNAIR library website was increasing. One thing that can increase the level of visits to the library, despite many other online information media are provided, is to change the concept of libraries of "library as a place" (Wulandari, 2011). It has in line with the results of this study that Universitas Airlangga students mostly visit the library to hold a discussion. In addition, Zweizig and Dervin (in Rachel A. Fleming-Mey, 2011) mentioned that the purpose of a person going to the library is not only for reading but also to meet the individual needs of each one of them, among them is finding a comfortable place to discuss. Similar results also showed in Paul Ojennus and Kathy A. Watts’s research in 2017, where Whitworth’s library users provided a 24-hours learning place. Individual learning process, regardless of a person’s role, requires valid and fast the referred sources that ultimately enables the student to use the technology. The computer, laptop, or smartphone connected to the Internet can easily meet students’ needs for information. Some students prefer to use technology and the internet rather than using libraries to support their learning process. Search engines, like Google, is often used by students in finding information to meet their needs (Table 6). This is due to Google is being the most widely used search engine in Indonesia (https://apjii.or.id/content/read/39/342/Hasil-Survei-Penetrasi_x0002_dan-Persilaku-User-Internet-Indonesia-2017). Fry Leanna, a researcher from Brigham Young University USA in 2016 found that students at Turkish University are more likely to use Google and Wikipedia as their reference sources compared to the library and their collections, students assume that the internet is able to provide the information that they need faster and better. Riki Greenberg and Judit Bar-Ilan in 2017, in their study found that college students prefer to use Google Scholar to meet their needs. Another similar study conducted by Boger et al, related to the impact of library information literacy class in four-year students’ information-seeking behavior in 2015. He also pointed out that students often seek information through Google compared to the library database. The results of this study also show similar points where 61.1% of the students use the internet to seek learning materials (Table 4). Besides that students also tend to use textbooks and journals in digital form (Table 5) to fulfill their obligations as students. The results of the survey above are emphasized by Latimer (in Paul Ojennus and Kathy A. Watts, 2017) that there was a factor that leads to the change of library function in the last 20 years, in which the increasing availability of electronic resources, a shift in the balance between print resources to electronics, all leads to technological advancement. This makes library users’ interest towards to printed media becomes reduced and decreased. The same results are also obtained from Kayongo, Jessica, & Clarence Helm (2010). They found that the University of Notre Dame students (62.8%) prefer to use remote access to obtain electronic references for their research. Halling and Carrigan (Ojennus & Kathy, 2017) mention that in addition to seating, booths, study desks, and quite study environment that was requested the librarians at the Library of Medical Studies at Texas A & M University, they also request additional computers or additional enhancements to technology tools. The decline in the use of library collections in Universitas Airlangga, as well as cultural changes, is also due to the belief that the internet resources tend to be able to provide the information they need compared to coming and sitting at the class face-to-face with the lecturers. The up to date information and references also become of the reasons why students are shifting to online resources. The research conducted by Jamaluddin, 2017, showed how the library users of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar are influenced the collection availability. Its study indicated that the availability of collections has affected user visits in the Library. However, from the results of a research conducted by Leanna (2016) showed that University of Turkey students who have received literacy training have shown a significant improvement in their interest in library usage and sources rather than students who did not receive literacy training. Maxwell (in Jessica Kayongo and Clarence Helm, 2010) found that very few librarians interact with the users. This is a challenge for librarians to get closer and provide literacy training to the users. Feedback about the library quality were also gathered in this study. Table 7 shows the overall quality of the library. The highest quality value is the facilities provided by the library to its users. However, it still needs to be improved because one of the things that will interest potential library users is how the library may become a convenient place for their activities after classes. The lowest value for the quality in the library is the Internet. In addition, to good space for discussion, current users also require a better internet connection to support their study. Table 2 shows that users come to the library to use the Internet. Although it seems that students visit the library only to use the space and room along with the internet instead of reading, it can become the first small steps to properly introduce the function of the library. Literacy activities can continue to be developed by introducing the sources of information and collection owned by the library that may have not been widely known by the students yet. There should also be a book promotion through library announcements conducted by the review center that will keep the users informed of new and good library collections

The usage of Universitas Airlangga Library can still be considered as average, this can be seen from the level of visits to the library that is still rare with the value of 3.24 and the low percentage of students who use the library collections (38.9%). Based on the study, Universitas Airlangga library can still be improved because many potential users may attract to use dan visit the library due to the high rating given by the majority of students who regard the library qualities and facilities as good. The library needs more attention in their management, in which librarians and other staffs need to keep improving the quality of the library. This needs to be done so that the library will be able to receive a good image in the eyes of students and users, and can cause them to be more engaged to visit the library