BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON METALURGI: MAJALAH ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PUBLISHED DURING 2016-2020

The term bibliometrics was the first time defined by Alan Pritchard (1969) as the application of mathematics and statistical methods to books and other media. It involves analysing a series of publications characterized by the presence of bibliographic variables such as author, place of publication, subject keywords, and citations. According to Hood & Wilson (2001), bibliometric methods and their specialization are related to informetrics, scientometrics, and webometrics. It can be used for research on various topics, such as the distribution of the frequency of use of words, phrases, in-text databases, development studies of academic disciplines, and research institutions, and citations as well. A very basic bibliometric attribute that governs the relationship between information items and activities that librarians and statisticians create to conduct bibliometric studies (Mahendra Kumar, 2014). Furthermore, according to Sulistyo-Basuki (2002) through the bibliometric method, it can be explained about the written communication process and its development in a scientific discipline. Currently, Indonesia occupies the number one position in global nickel reserves, approximately 21 million tons. The availability of limonite nickel or low-grade nickel and saprolite nickel as high-grade nickel is quite high so that it can be used as raw material for batteries for electric vehicles (WE, 2020). Therefore, according to CNN Indonesia, the President of Republic Indonesia wanted Indonesia to be able to play in the electric car and mobile phone market. Nowadays, Indonesia is already running the nickel industry, by processing nickel or into nickel pig iron, ferronickel, and stainless steel. All this time, Indonesia has been exporting more nickel rather than processing it. In 2019, based on the records from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, nickel ore exports reached 30 million tons more than in 2018 which amounted to around 22 million tons. Nickel downstream has been started by stopping the export of nickel ore. The government banned the official export of nickel ore on January 1, 2020 (CNN Indonesia, 2021). In supporting the government for nickel processing innovation, information about nickel research in Indonesia need to be studied and conveyed to policymakers, particularly to the Ministry of Research and Technology. This study measured the Metalurgi: Majalah Ilmu dan Teknologi (Metallurgy: Science and Technology Magazine), academic publishing covering metallurgy by using bibliometric analysis. This research continues of the research conducted by Rahayu and Nurhayati in 2017. Based on their research, it was found that (1) the distribution of metallurgical journals from 2016-2020, (2) the distribution based on the number of metallurgical journal publications in the 2016-2020 period, (3) the pattern the authorship of metallurgical journals in the 2016-2020 period, (4) the degree of collaboration of metallurgical journal authors in the 2016-2020 period, (5) the productivity of writers in metallurgical journals in the 20162020 period, (6) the universities that publish articles in the journal metallurgy for the period 2016-2020, (7) the research institutions that published articles in metallurgical journals in 20162020, (8) the cities where the researchers are, (9) the keywords that appear in metallurgical journals 2016-2020. This research is focused on Metalurgi: Majalah Ilmu dan Teknologi (Metallurgy: Science and Technology Magazine) published by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials that can be visited at the http://ejurnalmaterialmetalurgi.com/. The scope of this journal includes advanced materials and nanotechnology, characterization and analysis of minerals and materials, extraction metallurgy, ceramics and composites, corrosion and its prevention, mineral resource processing, metallurgical and materials modelling and simulation, and metallurgical instrumentation. The Metallurgical Journal is published three times a year, namely every April, August, and December

The data for this bibliometric study was obtained from the Metallurgical: Science and Technology Magazine published by LIPI from the 2016-2020 period which was downloaded from the website http://ejurnalmaterialmetalurgi.com/. The focus of the study to be investigated is the frequency of the number of articles each year, the frequency of the number of articles per number, the number of authors, the collaboration of authors, the most productive authors, the institution where the author works, the city where the author works, and the research topic keywords. The data that has been obtained, then the data is processed using Ms. Excel Spread Sheet and calculate the percentage for each recorded variable. After that, the data will be interpreted, described, discussed, and finally given a conclusion. The degree of collaboration is calculated using the formula (Subramanyam. K., 1983), which is: C = Nm/(Nm+Nn) Note: C = degree of collaboration Nm = Total research results from researchers of a certain discipline in a certain year which are carried out in collaboration. Nn = Total research results from researchers of a scientific discipline in a certain year Degree of collaboration C = Level of collaboration of researchers of a discipline, with values ranging from 0 to 1.

Distribution of Articles by Year Table 1. Distribution of articles by year Year Volume Number of issues Number of articles (%) 2016 31 3 17 21,79 2017 32 3 16 20,52 2018 33 3 15 19,23 2019 34 3 15 19,23 2020 35 3 15 19,23 Total 165 15 78 100 Average articles per year 15,60 Table 2. Articles based on the issue number Issues Volume Total (%) 31 32 33 34 35 1 7 5 5 5 5 27 34,61 2 5 6 5 5 5 26 33,33 3 5 5 5 5 5 25 32,06 Total 17 16 15 Authors’ Collaboration Table 3. Authors’ collaboration pattern Year Number of authors One Total author Two authors Three authors Four authors Five authors Six authors Seven authors 2016 2 Titles 4 Titles 8 Titles 1 Title 1 Title 1 Title 0 Title 17 Titles 2017 2 Titles 2 Titles 3 Titles 5 Titles 2 Titles 1 Title 1 Title 16 Titles 2018 2 Titles 1 Title 3 Titles 4 Titles 3 Titles 1 Title 1 Title 15 Titles 2019 2 Titles 1 Title 2 Titles 4 Titles 3 Titles 2 Titles 1 Title 15 Titles 2020 2 Titles 1 Title 0 Title 1 Title 0 Titles 4 Titles 5 Titles 15 Titles Total 10 9 16 17 9 9 8 78 Degree of Authors Collaboration If the value of C = 0, then it means that the article is written by a single author. If the value of C = 1, it means the article is written in collaboration or with more than one author (Sormin, 2009). Table 4. Degree of author collaboration distribution Pattern Year Total (%) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Single 2 2 2 2 2 10 12,82 Collaboration 15 14 13 13 13 68 86,30 Total 17 16 15 15 15 78 100 Degree of Collaboration 0,88 0,87 0,86 0,86 0,86 0,87 It seems that the degree of collaboration among all publications is in the range of values 0.86 – 0.88. It indicates that most of the articles are written collaboratively. Prolific Authors Table 5 below shows the 10 names of the most productive authors. The first is Efendi Mabruri with a total of 10 articles. He is a Research Professor at the Metallurgical Research Center of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. He is followed by Dewa Nyoman Adnyana, a professor and lecturer from the National Institute of Science and Technology with a total of 9 papers. Then, Mochammad Syaiful Anwar and Toto Sudiro, both of them are researchers from the Metallurgical Research Center LIPI, wrote 6 articles. The other authors are shown in the following table accordingly. Table 5. Prolific authors No. Authors’ Names Numbers of publication 1 Efendi Mabruri 10 2 Dewa Nyoman Adnyana 9 3 Mochammad Syaiful Anwar 6 4 Toto Sudiro 6 5 Ika Kartika 5 6 Agus Budi Prasetyo 4 7 Latifa Hanum Lalasari 4 8 Soesaptri Oediyani 4 9 Aprilia Erryani 3 10 Bambang Hermanto 3 Higher education institutions Table 6 below shows that 13 higher education institutions have contributed to Metalurgi: Majalah Ilmu dan Teknologi for the 2006-2020 period. Table 6. Higher education institutions No Institutions Numbers of publication (%) 1 Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 24 30,76 2 Universitas Indonesia 11 14,10 3 Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional 9 11,53 4 Universitas Gadjah Mada 8 10,25 5 Institut Teknologi Bandung 6 7,69 6 Universitas Parahiyangan 4 5,12 7 Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 4 5,12 8 Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani 3 3,84 9 Universitas Diponegoro 2 2,56 10 Universitas Lampung 2 2,56 11 Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bandung 2 2,56 12 Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Batu Alang NTB 2 2,56 13 Institut Teknologi PLN 1 1,28 Total 78 100 Research institutions Table 7 shows that 3 research institutions have contributed to Metalurgi: Majalah Ilmu dan Teknologi in the period 2006-2020 as follows. Table 7. Research institutions No. Institutions Numbers of publication (%) 1 Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia 58 84,0 2 Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional 7 10,15 3 Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi 4 5,79 Total 69 100 Other institutions Besides higher education and research institutions, Table 8 shows that 2 others institutions have contributed to the journal they are The Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia as many as 7 articles, and PT Petrokimia Gresik gave 1 article. Table 8. Other institutions No Institutio ns Numbers of publication (%) 1 Kementerian Perindustrian RI 7 87,50 2 PT Petrokimia Gresik 1 12,50 Total 8 100 Authors’ Residences Table 9. Authors’ Residences No Authors residence Frekuensi (kali) (%) 1 Tangerang 62 37,57 2 Bandung 26 15,75 3 Cilegon 24 14,54 4 Depok 12 7,27 5 Jakarta 11 6,66 6 Yogyakarta 9 5,45 7 Lampung 7 5,09 8 Semarang 3 1,81 9 Sumbawa 2 1,21 10 Bekasi 1 0,60 11 Cimahi 1 0,60 12 Gresik 1 0,60 13 Indramayu 1 0,60 14 Makassar 1 0,60 15 Malang 1 0,60 16 Medan 1 0,60 17 Sleman 1 0,60 18 Surakarta 1 0,60 Total 165 10 Keywords From the data obtained, there are 108 keywords used by all articles published in this journal, here are the results. Table 10. Keywords No Keywords Total (%) 1 Microstructure 15 3,51 2 Nickel 13 3,09 3 Aluminum 12 2,85 4 Corrosion resistance 11 2,61 5 Chromium 9 2,14 6 Mechanical properties 9 2,14 7 Scanning electron microscopy 9 2,14 8 Lithium 8 1,90 9 Stainless steel 8 1,90 10 Carbon steel 7 1,66 11 Martensite 7 1,66 12 Coal 6 1,42 13 Corrosion rate 6 1,42 14 Magnesium 6 1,42 15 Copper alloys 5 1,19 16 Hardness testing 5 1,19 17 Steel 5 1,19 18 Composite materials 4 0,95 19 Heat treatment 4 0,95 20 Leaching 4 0,95 21 Limonite 4 0,95 22 Metallurgical research 4 0,95 23 Milling (machining) 4 0,95 24 Nickel alloys 4 0,95 25 Tempering 4 0,95 26 Zinc alloys 4 0,95 27 Carbon monoxide 3 0,71 28 Corrosion inhibitors 3 0,71 29 Lithium batteries 3 0,71 30 Magnesium alloys 3 0,71 31 Petroleum pipelines 3 0,71 32 Thermal effects 3 0,71 33 X-ray diffractometer 3 0,71 34 Yttrium 3 0,71 35 Abrasion resistance 2 0,47 36 Adsorption 2 0,47 37 Alloy steels 2 0,47 38 Aluminum alloys 2 0,47 39 Boiler tube 2 0,47 40 Brain water 2 0,47 41 Calcium 2 0,47 42 Carbon 2 0,47 43 Chromium alloys 2 0,47 44 Citric acid 2 0,47 45 Deposition 2 0,47 46 Electromagnetics 2 0,47 47 Fatigue (materials) 2 0,47 48 Leak detection 2 0,47 49 Microwaves 2 0,47 50 Molybdenum 2 0,47 51 Nickel ores 2 0,47 52 Nickel plating 2 0,47 53 Porous materials 2 0,47 54 Roasting (metallurgy) 2 0,47 55 Silicon 2 0,47 56 Steam turbines 2 0,47 57 Substrates 2 0,47 58 Surface roughness 2 0,47 59 Turbine blades 2 0,47 60 X-ray diffraction 2 0,47 61 Activated carbon 1 0,23 62 Additives 1 0,23 63 Adsorbents 1 0,23 64 Aileron block 1 0,23 65 Aluminizing 1 0,23 66 Aluminum oxide 1 0,23 67 Anneal hardening 1 0,23 68 Annealing 1 0,23 69 Austenite 1 0,23 70 Biodegradable plastics 1 0,23 71 Biomass 1 0,23 72 Bismuth 1 0,23 73 Boric acid 1 0,23 74 Calcium sulfates 1 0,23 75 Carbon dioxide 1 0,23 76 Carbon nanotubes 1 0,23 77 Carbonates 1 0,23 78 Catalyst degradation 1 0,23 79 Cavitation 1 0,23 80 Cerium 1 0,23 81 Chemical vapor deposition 1 0,23 82 Chromium plating 1 0,23 83 Coal mining 1 0,23 84 Coating techniques 1 0,23 85 Coatings 1 0,23 86 Cobalt alloys 1 0,23 87 Compressors 1 0,23 88 Corrosion 1 0,23 89 Corrosion protection 1 0,23 90 Corrosion resistant alloys 1 0,23 91 Crystal structure 1 0,23 92 Crystallinity 1 0,23 93 Degradation 1 0,23 94 Density 1 0,23 95 Diffusers 1 0,23 96 Diffusion process 1 0,23 97 Dryers 1 0,23 98 Dye-sensitized solar cell 1 0,23 99 Elbow tubes 1 0,23 100 Electrodeposition coating 1 0,23 101 Zirconium 1 0,23 102 Polymer PLA/ABS 1 0,23 103 Nanorods zink oxida, 1 0,23 104 Al-Si-Cu-Fe Alloy 1 0,23 105 Nickel hydroxide 1 0,23 106 Magnesium 1 0,23 107 Biocomposite 1 0,23 108 Al-Si-Cu-Fe alloy 1 0,23 Total 420

Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that in the period 2016-2020 Metallurgy: Science and Technology Magazine has published 78 articles where the most articles were written in collaboration with 4 people in 17 titles (21.79%), and the least was written in collaboration with 7 people in 8 titles (10.25%). There are 10 articles written individually (12.82%). The value of the average degree of collaboration is C=-0.87. Efendi Mabruri is the most prolific author with 10 papers. The research institution that contributed the most was LIPI with a frequency of 58 titles (84.06%), meanwhile, the most productive university was Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa with their 24 papers (30.76%). As for the city where the author lives, Tangerang shows the most, which is 62 authors (37.57%). Most keywords are Microstructure (3.51%) and keywords containing the phrase “Nickel” are Nickel alloys with 4 keywords (0.95%), Nickel ores with 2 keywords (0.47%), Nickel plating with 2 keywords (0.47%), and Nickel Hydroxide with 1 keyword (0.23%).