Information Seeking Behavior of the Authors Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean’s Book

Everyone needs information to support their activities. Everyone’s information needs differ due to various factors such as occupation, age, educational background, place of residence, or gender. The higher a person’s information needs, the information seeking behavior will be more active. Informationseeking behavior is influenced by physiological, affective, and cognitive factors, and there are obstacles and challenges for a person to determine actions in the information search process (Wilson 1999). Therefore, everyone’s informationseeking behavior differs according to their background, including the author. For writers, seeking information is essential, which applies to the author of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean. The book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean involved seven authors who are fans of Captain Pierre Tendean. These seven writers come from various backgrounds: journalists, doctors, employees, teachers, travelers, and homemakers. The book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean was written as a form of offering to readers or fans of Captain Pierre Tendean always to imitate his character and behavior, as well as straighten out the disinformation by the media circulating among the public about this Hero. The problem faced in meeting the information needs of the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean is related to how to get information about Pierre Tendean from various reliable sources, primarily related to the time difference because they had to trace events 50 years ago. They also need to visit places where Pierre Tendean lived to meet the information needs. Researchers are interested in researching information-seeking behavior because they see the enthusiasm of the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean, who are Pierre Tendean fans. Most of them do not come from researchers or writers. Based on their research, the authors tried to find valid information about Pierre Tendean’s biography and the events. Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean authors’ struggle paid off when the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia successfully launched the book in 2019. In 2020 the work officially became a National Best Seller book, and in 2021 it entered its seventh printing. Given the diverse backgrounds of the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean, this study attempts to understand the author’s informationseeking behavior, the strategies that the author adopted in, the supporting factors and obstacles the authors faced as well as the source of information to meet the author information need. In writing history books, the author must ensure the informant’s memory. Especially when they need information about events that occurred in the past. Therefore, there must be oral sources, so keep looking for oral history (Irwanto and Alian 2014). Information-Seeking Models Information-seeking behavior is an action individuals take to meet their information needs by knowing the information needs, seeking information through various sources of information, and using the information. Informationseeking behavior is a micro-level behavior performed by information seekers and interacts with the system (T.D. Wilson 2000). This information-seeking behavior is in the form of interactions between individuals with computers, laptops, and gadgets with various strategies to find information, as well as choosing books that are considered relevant in the library. Theoretically, there are two wellknown information-seeking models, the Kuhlthau model and the Ellis model. In this study, both models were used to analyze the information-seeking behavior of the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean. Carol Collier Kuhlthau put forward the theory of the Information Search Process (ISP) in 1991. The meaning of ISP is research that begins with the emergence of doubts and feelings of anxiety from someone. This theory explains six stages in solving problems in finding information based on the experiences that someone has experienced (Kuhlthau 1991, p.370). The theory proposed by Kuhlthau complements Ellis’ Theory with additional stages, such as the search process based on feelings, thoughts, and actions to search for appropriate information. (TD. Wilson 1999, p.255). The theory formulated on Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process (ISP) refers to the affective and cognitive aspects (Kuhlthau 2005, p.364). The following is the flow of the stages of the Information Search Process ISP by Kuhlthau: Figure 1. Kuhltau Information Search Process Source: Kuhlthau (1993) Based on the flow of these stages, there are six stages of the Information Search Process (ISP), namely: 1) Task Initiation is the initial stage of awareness in someone about the lack of knowledge. The feelings that will arise are feelings of anxiety and fear. He/She will try to understand his information needs, discuss or think about the approach he will take, and involve his knowledge to be associated with the problem; 2) Selection is the stage before conducting the investigation and approach to be carried out, first identifying and selecting topics in general. The feeling that will arise is anxiety caused by the selection that has not been right. Initial searches are usually conducted during the selection stage, as negotiations and reading the topic’s gist. Feelings of anxiety can turn to optimism when the basis for the selection is made; 3) Exploration is the stage of conducting an investigation related to general information and further deepening personal experience related to knowledge. Focus and personal perception begin to form. At this stage, the reading process connects the information obtained and the construction process, collecting facts to produce exciting ideas. Feelings that will arise at this stage include a sense of inadequacy so that some people feel they do not want to continue the search; 4) Formulation is the stage when a person forms a perspective on a focused topic through identification. The focus of the search is in line with the hypothesis on the construct. At this stage, self-confidence begins to emerge, and bright spots emerge. 5) Collection is the stage of interaction with the information system, collecting information that has become the focus. It begins to define, deepen, and support focus. Selection of information relevant to the focused perspective, with a comprehensive search obtained from all sources. Increased self-confidence and more depth in the projects being worked on; 6) Presentation is the stage when satisfaction appears after the search is done well. Start completing quests and presenting. (Kuhlthau 2005, p.251). There is an information-seeking model similar to the model put forward by Kuhlthau, namely Ellis. Kuhlthau’s approach analyzes behavior, while Ellis determines the mode of exploration and suggests variations in behavioral characteristics (Riani 2017). Ellis coined the model of information-seeking behavior associated with System Information Retrieval with the flow is illustrated in figure 2. According to the Figure 2, there are eight stages of information behavior according to Ellis, namely: 1) Starting, namely this stage of information search begins with asking about the topic to be sought from experts in a particular field of science; 2) Chaining, which is the stage of writing small notes that are considered Figure 2. System Information Retrieval Flow Source: Case and Given (2016, p.151) essential and connecting the information with the topic to be searched for next; 3) Browsing, which is in the form of searching for information in the information center or searching on search engines with the right keywords and according to individual needs; 4) Differentiating is the stage of comparing topics obtained from information sources based on relevant information according to individual needs; 5) Monitoring, in the form of monitoring activities by seeking up-to-date information, marked by the birth year of the information; 6) Extracting is the stage of choosing the most relevant theme or topic of information based on the choice; 7) Verifying is the stage of checking the information accuracy that has been selected. This stage is the last check on the gotten information; 8) Ending is the stage where the search is considered complete and the research ends (Hutapea, Ruslan, and Asnawi 2021).

This research on information-seeking behavior from the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean is a qualitative research conducted using a phenomenological approach. The data collection technique was conducted through interviews with six of the seven authors of the book Sang Patriot Pirre Tendean. These informants have different professional backgrounds, namely journalists (author Abbie Besman), doctors (author Noviriny Drivina), private employees (author Laricya Umboh), teachers (author Nesya Ramadhani), homemakers and history lovers (author Irma Rachmania Dewi), and a traveler and environmentalist (author Iffani Saktya). The data obtained from the interviews were then processed in several steps, first categorized according to the research theme, then reduced by only selecting the appropriate data. After that, make a theme based on the data obtained from the data reduction results, identifying the same data, and rewriting it in plain language is easy to reach. Last, the data are combined to see the existing phenomena and make a synthesis and answer research problems (Farid 2018, p.47).

The discussion of the results of this research will be presented briefly but comprehensively, including the purpose of writing the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean, the information needed, the process of writing the book, the process of searching or gathering information, to the information-seeking behavior of the authors. 1. The Purpose of Writing Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean The purpose of writing the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean is to provide a book that can present or provide complete and accurate information about Pierre Tendean as one of the revolutionary heroes who died in the G30S/PKI Movement in 1965. So the purpose of writing this book is an offering from the writers as fans to their idol, Pierre Tendean. The reason is the lack of literature or reading material about Pierre Tendean as one of the Revolutionary Heroes. While the existing literature that discusses Pierre Tendean is not or has not been known to be accurate, there is a feeling of doubt about the veracity of the information. It raises the writers’ curiosity, encouraging them to write the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean. 2. Required Information The authors need a tremendous amount of information to compile the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean. They needed complete information about the entire journey of Pierre Tendean’s life from childhood, adolescence, youth, career and love journeys, and time as an aide until the night of his arrest on September 30, 1965. To obtain this information, the authors conducted research, interviews, and data collection and documentation about Pierre Tendean for eight years, from 2011 to 2019 3. The Process of Writing The Patriot Pierre Tendean The writing team was originally part of the Captain Pierre Tendean Fansclub group in 2017. Previously the authors did not know each other, while Abbie, a book editor, had joined in 2011 for a journalistic work project. At that time, the writing team began finding information about Pierre Tendean because of the recommendation to watch the G30SPKI film again. This information is expressed in interviews with the book’s authors, Laricya, Noviriny, Irma, Iffani, Nesya, and Abbie. Laricya and Noviriny, for example, stated that research or information seeking about Pierre Tendean had been carried out since 2011. Abbie is the first person who carried it out as the book’s editor because, at that time, he had in his program. While six other writers started their search for information in 2017 through the Captain Pierre Tendean Fan Club group on Facebook, and before that, they did not know each other. The desire to find information about Pierre Tendean started after they watched the film G30S/PKI. In 2017 there was indeed a suggestion from the then TNI Commander, Mr. Gatot Nurmantyo, for the public to watch the G 30 S PKI film again. After watching the film, their curiosity increased, so Noviriny, for example, looked for information through Instagram. She downloaded the book Fireflies of Truth in the Night Sky, which stories from the hearts and feelings of the children of the G30S/PKI heroes. After that Noviriny began to focus on finding information about Pierre Tendean. Abbie reinforced this statement, who explained that he joined the Captain Pierre Tendean Fans Club group in 2011. It was further explained that at that time, a French-language writer named Nadya invited him to do journalistic work by covering the Pierre Tendean community. On the other hand, Irma started joining in 2016. At first, she is not very active, only watching the G 30S PKI film again. Irma started liking Pierre Tendean in elementary school because the G30S/PKI film was one of the mandatory broadcasts at that time. In addition, many textbooks discuss history. The same thing was conveyed by Iffani, who only received G30S/PKI lessons when she was in high school. According to Iffani, in 2017, many people started looking for information about Pierre Tendean. The next writer, Nesya, stated that she met Laricya at Lubang Buaya on October 15, 2017, and after that, she joined the Pierre Tendean Fans Club in the same year. After the writers joined the Pierre Tendean Fans Club group, they felt that so many people joined the club that it was not conducive, so the writers then moved to the WhatsApp group. The WhatsApp group was used to discuss Pierre Tenden, and that was all. Then Noviriny suggests to the member to make a biography about Pierre Tendean. After the idea of writing a biography of Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean was sparked, 17 people were interested in joining but later narrowed it down to only seven authors. The writing of this book is because the authors feel that information and literature about Pierre Tendean are very lacking and rarely found. It is like what Noviriny said that as a generation of 1984, since her elementary school, she has watched G30S/PKI movie every year, and the scenes about Pierre Tendean are so few that they are less or less memorable. She also added that Pierre Tendean is the only Hero who does not discuss in the book Pendidikan Sejarah Perjuangan Bangsa (PSPB). Of the seven Heroes of the Revolution, only Pierre Tendean, whose information was written very briefly. Only about three lines contain information about his name, date of birth, and position, without any information on the cause of his kidnapping. According to Larica, Pierre Tendean is rarely talked about. Only his name is mentioned, and his narration only completes the other six revolution heroes. 4. Information Collection Process The initial search for information by the writers was done by meeting with Pierre Tendean’s family first, then continued by meeting other parties, such as Pierre Tendean’s friends, who were expected to be able to provide the information they needed. Because the information obtained was lacking, one of the writers suggested inviting Abie Besman to join. As a book editor, Abie started the process of searching for information in 2011 because, at that time, he was working on a journalistic project on a program related to Pierre Tendean The writing team searched for information through Pierre Tendean’s family first, then continued through General A.H Nasution’s family, friends of Pierre Tendean, Sekolah Calon Perwira or Secapa (Officer Candidate School), Dinas Sejarah Angkatan or Disjarah (Army History Service), and the Direktorat Ajudan Jenderal Angkatan Darat or Ditajenad (Directorate of the Adjutant General of the Army). Noviriny explained that initially, the writing team met with Mrs. R, Pierre Tendean’s younger sister, via her son and Mrs. M, Pierre Tendean’s older sister. Finding information through family was initially challenging because they did not want to be asked for information and difficult permits. Abie also stated something similar: “I know that the position of Mrs. R (Pierre Tendean’s younger sister) at that time was still alive, but she did not want to speak. Since I did not have enough time then, Topan and I looked for someone who knew Pierre Tendean and was still alive. So, I only interviewed Mrs. YN (A.H. Nasution’s son), Pierre Tendean Fansclub Community, and Mr. Supardan.” As the first person to start research, Abie had difficulty finding information about Pierre Tendean’s family. Pierre Tendean’s family was like being swallowed by the earth until finally, Novi’s mother met Mrs. R (Pierre Tendean’s younger sister) and Mrs. M (Pierre Tendean’s sister). When Abbie met Mrs. R then, she did not want to speak to provide information about Pierre Tendean. At that time, Abbie, accompanied by Topan, a journalist for Kompas TV, was looking for the people who knew Pierre Tendean, assuming they were still alive. With help from Topan, Abie searched the Ditajenad (Direktorat Jenderal Ajudan Jenderal Angkatan Darat), contacted Pak Supardan, and finally met him. Thus, the focus of the search for information at that time was done through Mr. Supardan, who was a roommate of Pierre Tendean when he was at the Atekad (Akademi Teknik Angkatan Darat). In addition to interviews, Mr. Supardan also provided Atekad alum books which contained documentation of all Atekad cadets. The book became one of the sources of information used to complete the required information. Another writer, Laricya, said they started their search for information by asking Ms. M for permission because she is the easiest to find. They got Ms. M’s address from a blog. Then they visited Mrs. M’s house three times until Mrs. M finally allowed them to meet her. The most challenging thing in searching for Pierre Tendean’s information was finding the family’s whereabouts because they were very secretive. The most challenging thing in searching for Pierre Tendean’s information was finding it. For example, Pierre Tendean’s younger sister, Mrs.R, was challenging to meet. So, the authors set a strategy by met and talking to Mrs. R’s son first. With the help and persuasion from RY, Mrs. R Son, Mrs. R was willing to be interviewed. In line with the interview process, the authors get permission from Pierre Tendean’s family to write and publish the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean As stated by Noviriny, it seems that nature has supported it because, at that time, all the information about Pierre Tendean was more open. As previously stated by Abbie, Mrs. R used to be very secretive. For a long time, Mrs. R did not want to be approached by the media or fans, but in the end, it turned out that her heart melted when her son persuaded her. So the writers feel they are on the right path by approaching their son first, not directly to Mrs. R or Pierre Tendean’s friends. Laricya also said that she and Lastry were the first to go to RY’s house. They found out the address based on a photo on an Instagram that marked the location at that time, only the location of the Gandul Village, Cinere District, Depok, without any specific information on where the house was. Then they looked for RY’s house by went to the gate of a complex. They were asking for the RY address from the people in the neighborhood. They only met his wife when they got to RY’s house and were asked where they were from. Because they had seen the struggle that had been carried out, they were finally given the phone number of RY. Then it was RY who contacted Mrs. R, and within the next two days, they could meet with Mrs. R at RY’s house. Furthermore, Noviriny explained that on December 30, 2017, the writing team visited Ms. R to ask permission to write a book about Pierre Tendean, and surprisingly Ms. R allowed it. They did not think it could be that easy, but at that time, they still did not get permission from Mrs. M. Another writer, Irma, said they went to Mrs. M’s house in Bogor the next day to celebrate her birthday. When they asked for permission to write the book, according to Laricya, Mrs. M first asked about the purpose of writing the book, but in the end, she also gave permission. After receiving permission from Pierre Tendean’s family, the writing team visited the Sekolah Calon Perwira or Secapa (Officer Candidate School), Dinas Sejarah Angkatan or Disjarah (Army History Service), and the Direktorat Ajudan Jenderal Angkatan Darat or Ditajenad (Directorate of the Adjutant General of the Army). The flow of Pierre Tendean’s information-searching process is as stated by the author of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean, during the interview “We went to Secapa for the first time in Bandung. When we got there, we were reprimanded because we needed to write permission from Pierre Tendean’s family. After a newly written letter was provided, we were allowed to research because it cannot just come out of nowhere.” (as stated by Laricya) “We have been to Disjarah, but we only mentioned Mrs. R’s name. Though we directly contacted Disjarah without bringing a letter of permission from Mrs. R, we made a certificate. However, it turns out they said we were amateurs, then they were given instructions on how to make an appointment first.” (as stated by Noviriny) “Then we went to Secapa. After we were done in Secapa, they informed us to go to the Ditajenad because there was a lot of data about Pierre Tendean. We went there three times to meet Mr. Supardan.” (as stated by Irma) Searching for information about Pierre Tendean in Ditajenad was the most difficult information-gathering activity because the writing team had to go to Bandung to obtain the necessary data repeatedly. As stated by Laricya: “To Ditajenad is the most difficult. We went there without a permit, had not made an application letter to look for data, only met one of his superiors, Colonel Endang, and was asked what was wrong. We convey that we are from the writing team and have received permission from Pierre Tendean’s family to search for data, and we were advised to go to Ditajenad by Secapa. Then the Ditajenad said we did not have any permits.” The information search process in Bandung lasted for two months. After obtaining data from those three institutions, the writing team searched for information through a classmate during the cadet Pierre Tendean known as Panorama 61. Nesya, one of the writing teams with Lastry, met Mr.Thomas, the chief of the Panorama Force 61 at Atekad. Apart from Mr. Thomas, the team also gets a lot of information from Mr. Effendi, the head of the 61st Panorama Regiment. The writing team members who met Mr. Effendi are Irma and Iffani. When they meet Mr. Effendi, they get a lot of information about Pierre Tendean, are given alum books, and are shown a lot of things, such as videos, while Pierre Tendean is in RRI Padang. “We were given two biographies of Mr. Effendi. All the information in the book is open and very complete.” (As stated by Iffani) Noviriny says that Mr. Effendy was very detailed, every stage of his life he remembered and written down, including the stage when he was a cadet. So for the youth age chapter of Pierre Tendean, the reference is from Mr. Effendi’s biography. They asked about every incident in the biographical book, and Mr. Effendi explained it in detail. After receiving information from the military institution, the writing team went to Magelang and Yogyakarta to see Pierre Tendean’s uniform as documentation for the book Sang Patriot. Pierre Tendean, as stated by Iffani, “ We go to Magelang and Yogyakarta to see Pierre Tendean’s uniform. So we can say we have been through all the processes; we live it all. We just have not had time to go to Medan. We go there after the book is published.” The information needed for writing the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean was not only obtained from interviews but also obtained by study books and journals discussing Pierre Tendean. 5. Sorting and Clarifying Information After the information has been collected, it is not immediately present, but then the writing team will first sort out the information. Some even need to be censored. This sorting of information was carried out with the help of the Pierre Tendean family. Noviriny conveyed, “Even Pierre Tendean’s family gave more corrections because Pierre Tendean’s legitimacy came from his family, not from us as the writing team, and finally, the book became like that.” Laricya added, “We submitted the manuscript to Mrs. R for correction in its entirety. So some parts are censored, which should be shown and should not.” Besides Mrs. R, the writing team also gave the manuscript to Mr. Sayidiman, the Commander of the Taruna Regiment at Atekad, and Mr. Effendi. It is just that they did not censor too much information from the manuscript. Guide to Writing Historical Works In the writing process, a division of tasks related to technical writing is arranged by Abbie as the editor. The writing team was given the task of each writing according to the information that had been obtained. Then it would be corrected again by Abbie so that the book’s writing was packaged into a historical work that was not only based on interviews but also contained a picture of the situation from the era when the incident occurred. It is stated in the results of interviews with the writing team. Nesya says, “As I said, we divided into chapter order, and it was one of the former members’ ideas that these chapters should be chronological. When charging, we split six parts, and I tried to split fairly. I forgot how many chapters each one got” Noviriny added, “Abie has a huge role in writing the book and packaging the information obtained into historical work. We are taught to write according to SPOK (Subject, Predicate, Object, Description). Then Iffani added, “In writing history, one must consider what will be written by using clear literature and obtaining information from sources.” Noviriny explained that the reason for writing was out of curiosity. She likes to read biographies but has not studied Indonesian history. This curiosity prompted her to learn more about Pierre Tendean’s lifetime and historical backgrounds, such as Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia or PRRI (Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia) and Operation Dwikora (Dwi Komando Rakyat). Noviriny was curious about Pierre Tendean’s involvement in Operation Dwikora. It turned out to be the concept (hereinafter), and the writer teams agreed that in the book, the information was not only from interviews but also had to explain the situation. at that time, then in each chapter, there is an introduction to the situation at that time Information Search Behavior Model Used The information-seeking behavior of the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean is known to have some differences and some similarities at each stage. Following the information-seeking model according to Kulthau and Ellis, which has been described previously, each of the authors’ behavior in seeking information can be briefly described in the table 1. Based on the table 1, it is known that there are seven stages in the information behavior of the writers that they went through in the information search process to meet their needs in writing the book The Patriot Pierre Tendean, as follows: A. Starting At the starting stage, the authors’ affective and cognitive aspects following Kuhlthau’s theory (Kuhlthau 1991, p.364) begin with the emergence of awareness about the lack of knowledge. In this case, five authors, namely Iffani, Noviriny, Laricya, Irma, and Nesya, feel that information about Pierre Tendean is complicated to find. Also, the literature about Pierre Tendean is limited, so they feel that their knowledge is still lacking, and they are more curious about the facts about Pierre Tendean. While in the early stages, Abbie started by asking directly to Pierre Tendean’s fans and seeking information from Mr. Supardan. It is fit to the starting stage in Ellis's Theory. (TD. Wilson 1999). Table 1. The Patriot’s Author Pierre Tendean’s Information Seeking Behavior Matrix B. Selection After becoming aware of the lack of information regarding Pierre Tendean, Noviriny began to link information on contacting one of Pierre Tendean’s family with other information, such as finding another member Pierre Tendean’s family of whereabouts. It is in accordance with the chaining stage in the Ellis model (Faturrahman 2016), which says that writing the information is important and relates to the topic in small notes. Like when Abie wants to find information, he takes notes based on meaningful information obtained through Mr. Supardan. After realizing there was a lack of information or knowledge about Pierre Tendean, the writers who were previously members of the Captain Pierre Tendean Fansclub became interested in joining the book writing team, then began to search for the whereabouts of the Pierre Tendean family. It is appropriate at the selection stage of the Kulthau Model, where at this stage, the feeling is still anxious, conducting an early stage search and negotiating (Riani 2017). C. Exploration Investigating general information and linking information by gathering facts and feelings will lead to a sense of inability to continue research (Kuhlthau 2005). At this stage, the six authors have the same steps. In searching for information, Laricya had to visit Mrs. M repeatedly and, at first, did not get a response as expected. In comparison, Noviriny sought information through literature such as the book Fulfilling the Call of Duty, the Coup of October 1, 1965, or Gestapu 1965. She was also looking for articles from both Indonesia and international articles discussing Pierre Tendean. Nesya, Iffani, and Irma looked for information about friends and contemporaries with Pierre Tendean in Bandung by visiting Ditajenad. However, it is not easy to obtain such information. Meanwhile, Abie sought information through Mr. Supardan and Pierre Tendean’s fans, who are members of the Fans Club, and through Yanti Nasution. D. Differentiation At this stage, the authors compare information based on information sources relevant to the author’s information needs in line with the stages of the Ellis model (Hutapea, Ruslan, and Asnawi 2021). After obtaining the information needed through interviews or studies of the existing literature, the writers of Abie, Noviriny, Iffani, Lastri, Irma, and Nesya began to make comparisons and select relevant information per the available evidence and listened to input. From Pierre Tendean’s family and also from his friends. E. Collection At this stage of the collection, the authors begin to define and explore the information they have obtained. At this stage, self-confidence fits the Kuhlthau model's stage (Widiyastuti 2016). The authors collect all the data obtained, and the information is contained in several chapters in the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean. Each writer has a task in writing which is divided into ten chapters. The author’s confidence increases at this stage because all the information has been obtained, and they will arrive at the final stage. F. Verifying Checking the accuracy of the selected information is the last process. At this stage, the entire writing team does a final check before the book draft is submitted to the publisher. Pierre Tendean’s family assisted with this checking process. The family checks what information can be displayed before the book is handed over to the publisher. This stage corresponds to the Ellis model (Riani 2017). G. Presentation The writer completes the search phase and presents the findings obtained (Sitorus and Rodiah 2020). At this stage, the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean was published and launched at the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia on February 21, 2019. From the description above, it can be said that the writers of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean went through two stages in fulfilling their information, which was in line with the Ellis model, namely the differentiation and verifying stages. Meanwhile, three stages only fit the Kuhlthau model: the Exploration, Collection, and Presentation stages. Thus, there are only two stages in line with the Kuhlthau Model and the Ellis Model, namely the starting stage and the selection stage, as shown in the Figure 3. The Meaning of Writing The Patriot Pierre Tendean’s Book For Writers Among the aims of phenomenological research is to seek meaning. After the writing of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean was completed, what meaning did the writers get or feel? The following description answers this question. 1. Noviriny Drivna Tahapan 1. Starting 2. Sellection 3. Exploration 4. Differentiation 5. Collection 6. Verifying 7. Presentation Model Elis Kuhlthau Figure 3. Model of Information Seeking Behavior The Patriot’s Author Pierre Tendean Noviriny works as a doctor but is interested in history, especially in the historical biographies of heroes. Distrust about the information spread in the media causes the writer to want to search for related literature, But cannot overcome curiosity (Faturrahman 2016). It is due to the lack of literature related to Pierre Tendean, thus sparking the idea to write a biography of Pierre Tendean and start a search, starting with fans and trying to find out more about Pierre Tendean. Indirectly, the author applies Heuristics, criticism, aufassung to darstellung methods (Irwanto and Alian 2014). The author searched to obtain information. Feel proud of the results achieved after going through a long process. The author realizes that there are still many shortcomings because he did not experience that period. Noviriny got a new experience in writing this book. She feels that he has learned many things related to good writing related to SPOK, packaging information into historical works, and knowing the flow of licensing in historical research. 2. Abie Besman As a journalist and lecturer, Abie feels challenged about something new to research history until it becomes a book. The experience of a journalist, of course, has a huge role in writing a book. Curiosity to know whom Pierre Tendean is increasing. Being busy as a lecturer and journalist, of course, it takes quite a lot of time to search for information, feeling anxious when he does not manage to meet the Pierre Tendean family, who are very secretive. Then he carried out various search strategies to get information (Purnama 2021) until he got the information he needed. Feelings of anxiety to pride for completing the project writing the book. Abie took a sociological approach because of his strong motivation to finish writing the book. He was proud to have been a part of history that was able to create historical works of heroes that previously not much literature discussed. 3. Laricya Umboh Laricya is a private employee who is not related to history, she tries to search by tracing not only the Tendean family but also through approaches from various parties. As one of the writers, he feels that he has gained a lot of experience that he had never had before. The ability to find information by looking at information on Instagram, field research to find addresses, until it was successfully accepted by the Tendean family. Laricya feels proud to be part of the team of writers for the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean and to meet face-to-face with his family and friends of his idol. Her experience in searching for this information is invaluable, as all the efforts he put into being able to publish this historical work. With the publication of this book, the author has contributed and endeavors to disseminate valid information about Pierre Tendean so there is no miscommunication. 4. Irma Rachmania Dewi Irma is a housewife who has an interest in the field of history. She feels proud of the process that has been carried out. The author is proud to be able to meet his idol friends in person and conduct direct interviews with his family and other friends. With her busy day-to-day activities, Irma finds time to be involved in searching for information in Bandung, Jakarta, and Bogor. Having received a rejection from the family to meet the informant to get information certainly felt very happy with this valuable experience. Getting a lot of this information makes the writer appreciate and like heroes, especially Pierre Tendean. She also has experience in writing good works. 5. Iffani Saktya Iffani is a traveler who was initially curious and did not know Pierre Tendean. She joined the group because she only found that the group adored Pierre Tendean and was involved in writing the book Sang Patrio Pierre Tendean. She feels proud of his experience producing works to become a best seller and known by the public. 6. Nesya Ramadhani Nesya is a teacher interested in history and has been a fan of Pierre Tendean for a long time. She feels proud of the experience gained during the search for information and writing the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean as a work of dedication to her idol. With the publication of this book, Nesya realizes that many things still cannot be obtained, but with high effort and motivation, this book was successfully published into a work.

Six of the seven authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean, who have different backgrounds, have different information-seeking behavior styles at each stage, start from the starting stage to the ending. In the starting stage, five writers have information-seeking behavior according to Kuhlthau’s model of information-seeking behavior. In contrast, one author’s information-seeking behavior corresponds to the starting stage in Ellis Model. In the selection stage, the behavior of the four authors is suitable to the Kuhlthau Model, and the other two authors apply the Ellis model. In the exploration stage, all six writers apply the Kuhlthau model, and in the differentiating stage, all six writers apply the Ellis model. At the Collection stage, the six writers apply the Kuhlthau Model, but in the verifying stage, all six writers apply the Ellis model. In contrast, all the authors apply the Kuhlthau model at the presentation stage. The obstacles faced in finding this information were related to licensing from Pierre Tendean’s family and institutions and other informants, such as Pierre Tendean’s school friends, who were challenging to find. The supporting factors for the writers are high enthusiasm and motivation to be able to present their work to their idol, Pierre Tendean, and as a forum to increase the nationalism of the Indonesian people. In general, the authors of the book Sang Patriot Pierre Tendean interpret what they have done as an effort to realize their work as a form of offering to their idol. All authors with various backgrounds have gained invaluable experience and are proud to be able to take part in the process of writing this book.