BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON RESEARCH STUDY OR POMEGRANATE : a review towaerds new findings

Study design can be used as an indicator of research productivity and trends of research in various disciplines. This study could also determine research priorities in matters related to publishing. The aim of this study is to analyze the writing of articles by field or specific research discipline. Articles published in any discourse are usually a result of recent research that can be developed, shared, and distributed to serve as reliable scientific references. This is due to the process of publishing scientific materials that have to go through a screening process and a review by experts in the field to ensure that the published material, not only complies with the characteristics for publication in scientific journals or materials, but also ensures that research is conducted in accordance with proper procedures. 2. POMEGRANATE: DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION The pomegranate, botanical name ‘Punica Granatum’, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub that contains thousands of health benefits. This fruit is called three times in the Holy Quran, thus showing its advantages and privileges as fruits that are beneficial to human beings. In English terms, the pomegranate is known as the 'pomegranate' and 'al-Rumman' or 'al-Rummanah' in Arab. Oxford English Dictionary defines Pomegranate as a word that derives from medieval Latin pōmum (apple) and granatum (seeded). According to ancient French language, pomegranate is called pomme granatum which means apple (pomme) and granatum that refers to the seedless fruits that originated from Granada. In fact, the Encyclopedia Britannica states that the city of Granada in southern Spain got its name from the pomegranate as a local fruit there. Pomegranate or Punica granatum, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between 5 and 8 m (16-26 ft) tall. The pomegranate is considered to have originated from the area of Southwest Asia and has grown naturally in the entire Mediterranean region and the Caucasus since ancient times. It is widely cultivated throughout Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, India, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Peninsular Malaysia, Eastern India, and tropical regions of Africa. Pomegranate was brought into Latin America and California by Spanish settlers in 1769 and grown in California and Arizona for some juice production. Pomegranates are antioxidant-rich superfoods as having four parts that can be exploited by humans. It consists of fruit, bark, roots, and juice (water landing). In the food industry, pomegranate fruit species are categorized as exotic and nutritious food supply. Types of pomegranate differ in shapes, colors, grains, and different levels of sweetness and acidity. The best type of pomegranate is the one with the brightest color, thin-skinned, and high water content.

Based on the study of the pomegranate classification, analysis of the results are as follows; Research on the method of analysis conducted in the previous studies found that most studies on pomegranate done on a scientific analysis (laboratory studies). Studies on aspects of science have been divided into six areas. Focus areas include scientific discussion of pomegranate covered in the aspect of Pharmacy, Nutritional Science, Science Botany, Bio-Medical, Bio-Chemical, and Microbiology. Only one field of study that focuses on the analysis of Islam focusing on Islamic Education. Additional fields of Environmental Education (Flora) are also included by researchers to collect data and find results on plants that contain pomegranate. Comparative evaluation of research found that a total of 188 kinds of studies involve the study of the scientific aspects compared to only 11 studies based on Islam (Islamic Education) and 10 studies based on environmental education. Thus, this proves the scientific study of pomegranate is well known by researchers. Pomegranate is a fruit that has attracted researchers from around the world in which all components of the pomegranate have its own significance for the research analysis to identify its benefits and interests. This includes the skin, fruit, juice, and seed to produce extracts of pomegranate. Referring to the study of pomegranate from the perspective of Islamic studies, it clearly shows the lack of specific research material concerning this fruit. The best study discusses in detail about the pomegranate from the point of view of religion and science is an article in a journal entitled “Punica Granatum Bicara Al-Quran Al-Hadith Dan Sains Perubatan Moden” (Punica Granatum From Al-Quran, Al-Hadith and Modern Medical Science’s Point of View) by Dr. Munirah Abd. Frequency Valid Percent Valid Environmental Education (Flora) 10 4.7 Islamic Education 11 5.2 Pharmacology 19 9.0 Nutritional Science 52 24.6 Science Botany 23 10.9 Bio-Medical 41 19.4 Bio-Chemical 35 16.6 Microbiology 20 9.5 Jumlah 211 100.0 Table 1. Classification of research area on pomegranate Figure 3. Fields research Razzak and book written by Dr. Zaid bin Muhammad al-Rummani entitled “Penawar Dalam Buah Delima, Makanan Syurga dan Ubat (Antidote In Pomegranate, Food and Medication of Heaven). More than that, studies of a pomegranate are only discussed in general view with a summary of the usefulness or efficacy of pomegranate in books or medical research focuses on Tibb al-Nabawi. Among the examples is the book Tibb al-Nabawi written by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah and Pemakanan didalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadis written by Siti Rudainah Saleh. The study of pomegranate in magazines were too few in number with a brief discussion. 8. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH Pomegranate contains 78% water, 1.6% protein, 0.1% fat, 5.1% fiber, carbohydrates 14.5%, 0.7% minerals and 14 mg / 100g ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The fruit is also rich in sodium, riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus. All parts of this plant contain tannins, especially on the skin of 26%, 10-25% stem bark and root bark of 28%. Tannins are used to color the material from the skin. Pomegranate bark and roots also contain alkaloids. Pomegranate flowers can also be used mainly in the treatment of disease. In addition, the bright red flowers are also a source of natural dyes. A study conducted at the University of California at Los Angeles have analyzed 10 types of drinks that have high power to fight disease. Results of the study found that pomegranate juice is best followed by red wine, grape juice, blueberry juice, black cherry juice, cranberry juice, orange juice, tea and apple juice. In addition, the pomegranate is very significant for the health of the body with high antioxidant content with its main bioactive polyphenols elements. It has a capability of lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Punicalagin is the main polyphenol antioxidants in pomegranate juice. A compound found only in pomegranates called punicalagin is shown to benefit the heart and blood vessels. It not only lowers cholesterol, but also lowers blood pressure and increases the speed at which heart blockages (atherosclerosis) melt away. Antioxidant activity was tested in vitro with pomegranate juice, punicalagin, pomegranate ellagic acid and tannins (polyphenols extracted from pomegranate juice). The experimental results revealed that whole pomegranate juice has more antioxidant activity than the substances. Furthermore, pomegranate juice or extract found helpful for atherosclerosis. Intake of pomegranate juice a day is good for coronary heart patients. In one study, researchers have provided pomegranate juice for 45 patients suffering from coronary heart disease and myocardial ischemia every day for 3 months. Based on the data, the researchers concluded that pomegranate juice is able to reduce stress stimuli. The clinical fantastic result about pomegranate juice has also been shown to reduce total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the ratio of LDL / high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the ratio of total cholesterol HDL. These findings suggest that consumption of pomegranate juice can alter heart disease risk factors in patients with hyperlipidemia (lack of blood lipids). Pomegranate also has anti-bacterial and anti-microbial. The results showed that the extract of pomegranate is able to fight against methicillin-sensitive-resistant (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli O157: H7. Studies in vitro showed anti-HIV-1 microbicide could potentially result from pomegranate. In the field of dentistry, hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of pomegranate is very effective against dental plaque microorganisms. In vivo studies performed on pomegranate oil, seed oil, fermented juice polyphenols and pericarp polyphenols on growth of human prostate cancer cells found to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells dramatically, aggression and increased apoptosis (programmed cell death) in breast cancer cells. Pomegranate extract effectively repairs the damage with UVA-mediated cell lines soften and prevent potential skin cancer. It can act as a barrier against enzymes that can damage the cartilage. Pomegranate juice is a remedy for skin damaged by sun and aging. It repairs damage to the skin smooth and youthful again. For people with Alzheimer's, pomegranate juice may help prevent and slow development. From an Islamic point of view, Ibn Sina (1037M), Ibn Qayyim (1292M) and al-Dhahabi (1348M) believe eating pomegranates can strengthen the heart, eliminate tapeworms, cure dysentery, and relieve sore throat inflammation. Pomegranate skin if boiled and when the water is drunk will stop diarrhea disease. Eating fresh pomegranate can reduce cholesterol levels and help digestion. In addition, drinking pomegranate juice with honey will launch bowel function, eliminate constipation, ease breathing, cleanse the blood and treat wound injury. Muhammad al-Sayyid al-Arna'ut also said that pomegranate juice can soothe pain, fever and thirst. Dried pomegranate skin is good for cough, chest pain, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, digestion and treat diarrhea and infections of tapeworms. After analyzing the findings of medical studies about pomegranate, it proved to be the fruit of paradise. This is because it has many benefits available with antioxidant benefits, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and also good for the heart, liver, sperm production, stomach, skin, brain, teeth, cartilage and wound injury. 9. ADVANCED RESEARCH ON POMEGRANATE Health field that applies the herb is a broad field of study. There are many aspects that can be carried out a detailed study on the future whether in religion or science aspect. Here are a few suggestions fields and aspects related to these research: a. Specific studies about pomegranate from a religious perspective is very little. Most studies of a general nature can be devoted to other aspects of the law and emphasize the usefulness of henna available from authentic traditions. This is due to the existence of hadith dhaif (a hadith which fails to reach the status of Hasan) quoted as evidence of the efficacy of herbs and fruits in Islam. b. The combination of discussion and analysis about pomegranate from the viewpoint of religion and science should be done. Until now, the search results data showed that only two publications that discuss the pomegranate with a combination of a religious viewpoint and perspective of science. It is at once can prove the truth of the teachings of Islam with proofs results of scientific analysis. c. The existence of pomegranate products available in the market or used as a capable new products can be examined from the perspective of halal (lawful) and haram (unlawful). The results of the study can be used as high-value products that can be sold in the market. Thus, the content of pomegranate should be studied from the aspect of its effectiveness to meet the needs of the community. d. Henna species vary according to country. The study of pomegranate in Malaysia also not yet widespread. Research on pomegranate species found in Malaysia can be applied to produce health products Malaysia.

Pomegranate is a prophetic food that is valuable. It is not just a fruit that can be eaten, but every aspect in pomegranate trees can provide health benefits and disease prevention. All aspects related studies to pomegranate should be examined in depth by academics to produce a product that is useful to all classes of society. Thus, the efforts of researchers from Universiti Malaya through grants TRGS (TR001A-2014) entitled 'Safe and Health Uses of Fruits and Herbs Mentioned in Al-Quran and Ahadith: An Analysis of Ethnomedicinal Importance in Islamic Products in Malaysia' are very significant in the development of science. Advanced new study of pomegranate is expected to produce new findings for the benefit of Malaysia.