Collaboration model of literacy program between Forum of Reading Communities and universities in West Java Province

Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province (Forum Taman Bacaan Masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Barat) is a centre of the knowledge in the communities. They collect, manage, preserve, and disseminate knowledge to communities with free access. Reading communities on Law No. 43 of 2007 Article (49) concerning Libraries, which states that the reading communities can develop reading habit in Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2007). Comunities build reading communities to serve literature that free and easy access. Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province still have problem to disseminate literacy program to communities. Communities have still trouble to give literacy program because they have diversity from other background such as culture, language, economic, and different education. Furthemore, the minim of human resources make information dissemination in literacy program hard to access from communities. Volunteers have many idea to practice literacy program in Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province. But, their skill is limit and lacking in various ways, example of budget, human resource, and network. West of Java have many universities in other region. Volunteers from Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province can use this opportunity to sharing the knowledge. Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province have nine (9) cities and six (6) regions reading communities at West java Province (Forum TBM Jawa Barat, 2015). This is the opportunity to promote literacy program to communities in other region. The communities in the village have hard access the knowledge. They will give literacy program from Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province. Based on research findings, Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province need a network to collaboration to design and implementation literacy program in the community with universities. Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province and universities at West Java Province can discuss and design literacy program that it’s has impact to communities. In the Collaboration Theory (CT), If organization have supported from individu and group, the organization will collaborate. This theory has two of components are individual first and team first) (Colbry, Hurwitz, & Adair, 2014). Individual first is invidual action consist of turn-taking, observing or doing, and status seeking, and team first is the team action in a organization/community consist of building group cohesion, influencing others, and organizing work. Individu and team are respons and together to implement the activity planning. Individual first show the individu turn-taking and it is role as a actor in the activity. In this research, volunterrs is activator in the Forum of Reading Community West Java. They do literacy program. They observing-doing in pre-implementation and post-implementation to the commnities. Forum of Reading Community West Java didn’t give fee from volunteers. But, they help volunteers find interest the project and volunteers have independent skill to action that. Volunteers with voluntary help implementation the literacy program. And communities give the impact from this program. Volunteers in the status seeking, they aren’t viral. They do that for social issue, that communities need the literacy. Group in this research is Forum of Reading Community West Java as a non-formal organization and condescend for volunteers. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province build relation with volunteers or building group cohesion. The activity are discuss, meeting, advocate, and join in other activities. The manner of volunteers develop to other aspects literacy.Finally, volunteers in this community disseminate vision and mission literacy program to communities or influencing others. Volunteers promote literacy program used social media, such as WhatsApp Group, Instagram, dan YouTube. Volunteers made press release or activities review to publish in websites. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province taught volunteers manage the organization, such as communication, talk the opinion, coordination, understand the organization of structure, network, and socialize. Thus, Forum of Reading Communities West Java Province have good impact wtorugh collaboration, They have big network in the impelementation literacy program. Universities trust Forum of Reading Communities West Java to consistent promote literacy program. Universities can share the knowledge, make the literacy program, and collaborate with Forum of Reading Communities West Java province through support librarian, lecture, student, and practitioners. So, collaboration is the right way to create network to all people from other culture’s, local languages, region, and religions. They are connecting in the same vision to increase reading habit and awareness in literacy. The previous of research about collaboration in the library and university or reading community have researched from other researcher. First research is research from Dunstan et al. (2024) about the positive impact of co-designing a shared book reading environment within a community hub, emphasizing collaboration among families, staff, and community partners. This collaborative approach led to increased frequency of shared book reading, enhanced enjoyment and confidence in reading with children, and greater engagement in borrowing books. By involving families in the design process, the initiative fostered a supportive environment that addressed the needs of vulnerable families, ultimately promoting early language and literacy development through shared reading experiences. This research utilized a convergent mixed-methods approach to collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the impact of a co designed shared book reading environment in a community hub on families experiencing vulnerability. The study aims to assess three main aspects: the frequency of shared book reading at the hub, participants' confidence and enjoyment of reading with children, and participants' experiences of shared book reading at the hub. Result this research, an increased frequency of shared book reading was observed within the community hub after the implementation of changes, indicating that families were engaging more in reading activities together. Additionally, participants reported positive changes in their enjoyment of book reading, suggesting that the environment fostered a more enjoyable reading experience. Qualitative responses from participants highlighted three main outcomes: (1) children and families were reading more and enjoying the reading activities provided at the hub; (2) there was an increase in the borrowing of books by families; and (3) families reported changes in their reading practices at home, indicating a broader impact on their reading habits beyond the community hub. Second the research is research from Bangani and Tshetsha (2018) about collaboration on LibGuides in public universities in South Africa. This research use quantitative research method through webometrics technique about LibGuides collaboration in sixteen (16) public universities in South Africa. The purpose this research is to know co-ownership as a proxy for determining the extent of collaboration on LibGuides in public universities in South Africa. The result research is little bit collaboration in LibGuides in public universities in South Africa. A few public universities in Africa still do collaboration in services library. Our research have similarity research in two of previous research. We research about collaboration in library. We didn’t find research about collaboration in reading community. Many researchers research collaboration in library. We can says reading community to little library in the community and the community build it in Indonesia or Taman Bacaan Masyarakat. In other country, maybe they have same concept in Taman Bacaan Masyarakat. And the general word for term “Taman Bacaan Masyarakat” is the reading community. The difference of the research with two previous research is the kind of library. We research collaboration model in literacy program in reading community. Research from Dunstan et al., (2024) research collaboration in the library with literacy community and research from Bangani and Tshetsha (2018) about collaboration in university library. Based on previous this research, we have the state of the art the research to describe the literacy program model of Forum of Reading Community West Java Province with university. The collaboration have happened two of organization for a long time ago. But little researcher research about collaboration with two organization. The purpose this research is to know how collaboration model of literacy program between Forum of Reading Communities and universities in West Java Province, through analyze literacy program and literacy program model.

This research used descriptive qualitative research method. The function this research method to explore and understand phenomena in their natural settings through detailed observation and description. The research method of qualitative descriptive is source from, “a phenomenon and its characteristics (Nassaji, 2015). The phenomenon in this research or object of research is collaboration model of literacy program. Subject of research is Forum of Reading Community West java Province. The community build the literacy program to improve literacy number at the community. The data collection technique used observation, interview, and study literature. We observed offline and online. We met member of Forum of Reading Community West java Province office in Ajip Rosidi Library at Jalan Garut, Bandung, and we observed online through Instagram dan YouTube account. We interviewed the head of Forum of Reading Community West java Province. And then, we searched literature about collaboration model literacy program from bibliographic online Science Direct and Mendeley. The data analysis technique used three activities from Miles and Huberman (2014), consist of data reduction, data displays, and conclusion drawing/verification. Data reduction are, “Process selecting, focusing, simplying, abstracting, and transforming the data appear in written-up field notes or transcriptions” (Miles & Huberman, 2014). We chose the subject and object research because Forum of Reading Community West Java Province are a center of reading community in West Java Province. They have extensive network. We focused in collaboration model literacy program. We searched data through observationed and interviewed. The display data used, “Organized, compresed assembly of information that permits conclusion and drawing” (Miles & Huberman, 2014). We organized data from the library and took in the article through citated. The last, conclusion drawing/verification. Miles and Huberman (2014) said that in the conclusions are verified as the analysis proceeds. We verificationed results data and suitability in the article.

Forum Reading Community West Java Province have 5.000 reading community in region at West Java Province (Forum TBM Jawa Barat, 2015). This community have responsibility to dig potential volunteers in manage reading community. Reading community has vision to develop activities reading through facilities and services in reading community reading, for example of workshop, performance, various competitions, and collecting books from community. The totally administrators or volunteers in Forum of Reading Community West Java Province are fifteen people. They are head, secretary, treasurer, programs, and others. They have main program in the community, is the literacy program. Volunteers introduced basic literacy program to community. They taught literacy skill and invited communities to read. The output program was community have literacy skill. They could use literacy skill to improve their life. Community can practice literacy skill in their daily activities. Indonesian said it is an social inclusion. How are communites can independent to get access information? And then, they can reduce the information gap, the poverty gap with urban residents, and reduce the rate of urbanization (Perpustakaan Nasional R.I., 2023a). Law No. 3 of 2023 Article (3) concerning Social Inclusion Based on Transformation Libraries, social inclusion library of transformation increase of function and role the library through community involvement become long life an learning space to increase life of quality and welfare of library users (Perpustakaan Nasional R.I., 2023b). People use information with critical and they access technology and information to upgrade quality their life. After people have literacy skill, they will practice literacy skill on the community. It’s name of social inclusion. So, literacy and social inclusion are together grow in reading community. Reading community understand search information, use information, and share information to other. When reading community use information, they will improve quality of life through information of economic value, such as practical information snack from fruits. Forum of Reading Community Reading West Java Province help reading communities at West Java Province to give literacy program to community. One of innovation is collaboration. Forum of Reading Community Reading West Java Province have collaborated with universities at West Java Province, consist of Universitas Langlabuana (UNLA), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI), Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN), Telkom University, Universitas Pasundan (Unpas), and Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad). They are collaboration in implementation literacy program in communities. Forum of Reading Community Reading West Java Province have some reason this collaboration it happen. The head Forum of Reading Community Reading West Java Province said that, “Volunteers come from different educational and socio-economic backgrounds. They need scientific strengthening so that their understanding of the movements that have been carried out has a lot of value. There are many things that can be collaborated with third parties, one of which is university so that literacy assistance to the community becomes increasingly useful. Opening shared spaces so that there is no exclusive distance between the science center (campus) and the learning center (community). The potential for volunteers is huge and very helpful if they were willing to get involved in the community literacy movement.” (A. Amilah, Interviewed, May 1, 2024) This collaboration creates a shared space and strengthens knowledge in the fields of library and information science. Through the integration of reading community with academic libraries, practitioners, researchers, and educators from both domains come together to share insights, best practices, and innovative approaches to information management, literacy promotion, and community engagement. This shared space serves as a hub for interdisciplinary collaboration, where ideas are exchanged, research is conducted, and partnerships are formed to advance the collective understanding and practice of library and information science. By harnessing the synergies between these two spheres, this collaboration strengthens the foundation of knowledge in the field, enriches professional development opportunities, and contributes to the evolution of library services and practices in response to the changing needs of communities and society at large. Additionally, this dynamic environment encourages stakeholders to remain sensitive to new trends and problems in the information landscape by fostering a culture of constant learning and adaptation. As the partnership develops, it strengthens the capabilities of specific libraries and reading centres' capabilities and promotes pride and community ownership in regional literacy programs. Ultimately, this all-encompassing strategy empowers people, encourages fair access to information, and guarantees that libraries and information services remain essential tools for developing knowledgeable and involved citizens. Literacy Program Reading Community serve as dynamic relation where individuals of all ages come together to engage with literature, learning, and cultural enrichment. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province has play a central role in fostering intellectual growth and community development. Six academic libraries have different activities in establishing collaboration with Forum of Reading Community West Java Province. The activities in literacy program encompass a wide range of formats, including book clubs, storytelling sessions, workshops, and educational seminars. These diverse opportunities cater to the interests and learning preferences of community members, promoting lifelong learning, and personal enrichment. We saw the literacy program divided on two of the big program, there are Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province collaborated with Universitas Langlabuana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, and Universitas Padjadjaran. The universities contributed became speakers, participants, consultans, and editors. First program is a Ancient Bandung Literacy. This program promoted literacy to communities which it held through online and offline. The volunteers were documentation these activities on video and shared in Instagram and YouTube. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province launched a comprehensive Ancient Bandung Literacy in 2022. This community gave grant from the Ministry of Education and Culture. The program consist of activities a Webinar on Writing Village History, a Poetry Reading Competition, Inauguration and Launching four Reading Community in the Ancient Bandung area, Activities at the West Java Literacy Camp, and the Literacy Cultural Stage of Ancient Bandung. The Webinar of Village History Writing is a training session writing for reading communities. Volunteers of Reading communities writed village history. After that, they joined at the West Java Literacy Camp activity and perfomanced their writing. Reading communities taken part in Sundanese poetry reading competitions in the West Java region. The winners on the first, second, and third place performed at the West Java Literacy Camp. Universities collaborated with Forum of Reading Community West Java Province as editors the books. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province inaugurationed and launching four reading communities, such as Pabukon Ngadongeng Reading Community at Manglayang Mountain, Sumedang, Sanghyang Kenit Reading Community at Cipatat, Bandung Barat, Saung Bentang Reading Community, Lembang, and Kembang Citarum Reading Community, Kertasari. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province inaugurated four reading communities, they mentored workshop in cultural documentation of village history, and they published this written. The books is results from writing workshop. Commmunities are proud that their writing publish on the books. The biggest event from Ancient Bandung Literacy is the Literacy Camp for two (2) days. Volunteers of Reading Communities West Java Province convened at Kiara Payung Campground, Jatinangor, Sumedang, contributed in literacy activities. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province collaborated with lecturers, practitioners, the government, and managed literacy classes every day. Universitas Padjadjaran and Universitas Langlabuana participated as speakers, participants, and consultants on this program. The last activity is Cultural Performance for two (2) days. On first day, a puppeteer, Dika Ajen Wirasuanda, attended a wayang golek performance at Rajamandala Village at the night, The second day, this program featured art exhibits, talk show, and launched the book of village historical. Communities from Rajamandala Village performed of Sundanes arts, example of dance, singing, and traditional culture. The talkshow was an activity to discussed the development Sundanese cultural in West Java Province. The speakers in talkshow were lecturers, artist, and community as a writer on the book of village historical. Lecturers from Universitas Pasundan and Universitas Padjadjaran contributed as speaker in talkshow. They discussed about folklore, music, or traditional cultural in Sundanese and important of writing the Sundanese Cultural. Era will fastly change. And communities will fight to preserv their cultural. Hence, Sundanese cultural should documentate and promote to communities. The second literacy program is Sawala Kamisan. This program held every Thursday at the Ajip Rosidi Library at Bandung. Volunteers from Forum of Reading Community West Java Province held this program and invited volunteers from reading communities to join as participants. The speakers were teachers, volunteers, students, authors, librarians, storytellers, and lecturers in Sawala Kamisan Program. The unique in this program was people from other background collaborated together held the program. We saw disability person because stroke joined this program. He have big spirit to listen and discuss about topic the program. And then, students from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia and Universitas Padjadjaran collaborated as speakers in Sawala Kamisan Program. Students of Library and information Science Study Program, faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, as speakers in this program. The students study on Information Literacy and Media course. They were have project to design and practice this project in communities, such as school and reading communities. After they have done practice the project, they presentation the project in Sawala Kamisan Program. Beside that, the lecturers from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia and Universitas Padjadjaran became speakers in Sawala Kamisan Program. They discussed about Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in the school and storytelling in education. More volunteer in the reading communities is teachers. They are teachers and volunteers in the library school and reading community. So, Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is the knowledge for volunteers in the literacy practical in their school. How is the role teacher, library school, and reading community? Storytelling is a technique to disseminate literature for children. In the era, child seldom read Sundanese literature. So, Sundanese language as a local language will forget to speak or write in the Sundanese. Librarian or volunteers in the reading community can practice storytelling to promote Sundanese language. Storytelling using fiction literature and childrens like it. Storytelling is the part of material in Merdeka Belajar Program. The message this program is preserve local language as a mother tongue Indonesia, such as Sundanese language. Storytelling become the right chose to practic Merdeka Belajar using literature or dig folklore in the community. Based on two of the big literacy program, Forum of Reading Community West Java Province have done literacy program in the communities. Ancient Bandung Literacy and literacy Camp were the program in 2022. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province on 2023 hasn’t held program again. Maybe Forum of Reading Community West Java Province need the contribution people to improve literacy program in the community. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province designed active participation and engagement from reading community members, such as group discussions, workshops, or collaborative projects. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province encouraged volunteers to contribute their ideas, experiences, and perspectives. This community support lifelong learning initiatives within the community. The impact of this program is community want of continue their formal study, want to explore new interests, and add the new skills in their live. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province promote the literacy program based on social inclusion. The member of reading communities has idea and skill to collect information become value of something. They can use it to increase the economic their family. So, information in the literature in reading community help people to more than smart and it help life more than better. Literacy Program Model Based on two of literacy program, Forum of Reading Community West Java Province collaborated with three university, such as Universitas Langlabuana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, and Universitas Padjadjaran. Universitas Langlabuana supported the Ancient Bandung Literacy as speakers, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia supported Sawala Kamisan as speakers, and Universitas Padjadjaran supported Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan as speakers, editors, participants, and consultans. The universities helped Forum of Reading Community West Java Province to implement Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. Literacy program model in this community has the big network to drive the program. Based on Colbry et al., (2014), collaboration has two of category, such as individual first and team first. The two of category support implementation a program. We look in the community, individual and team are together support. Individual is volunteer, and teams are people or group. Colbry et al. (2014) said that individual first can turn taking, observing, and seeking. Volunteer or individual turned taking became speaker from Universitas Langlabuana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, and Universitas Padjadjaran. They gave literacy material, feedback, and discussion. They shared knowledge in the Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. Universitas Padjadjaran has different with two universities. This university gave support to Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan as speakers, editors, participants, and consultans. They observed the concept programs, and who are the participants. They gave consultancy to concept and implementation programs. They are editors too in book of cultural of documentation village. Individual or volunteer has status seeking as participants in the Literacy Camp. They joined literacy camp and their were active in this program. The point is individu from university want to know the role of volunteers in literacy program. People from reading communites from far other region, example of Cirebon, Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Cianjur, Garut and others. But, they joined the literacy program with voluntary. Maybe, it is some reason why Forum of Reading Community West Java Province was success in this program. Volunteers always support literacy program with their limitation. Broady-Preston (2014) agree with the opinion about volunteer. Volunteer on library service has impacted to users. Volunteer gave the value on library service that library as a public space for communities. Users can access free library service and use the facilities library. This is same for case in the Forum of Reading Community West Java Province. Volunteer has good motivation to share literacy program to community, without social motivation or economic motivation. Team first in the concept Colbry et al. (2014) has three categories, such as influencing, organizing work, and building group cohesion. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province as a informal organization invited volunteers to active in the literacy program. Every literacy program, for example Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan, volunteers affect communities to join this program. They promoted the program with social media Instagram, WhatsApp group, and YouTube. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province has Instagram Account with the name forumtbm_jabar. In this Instagram, they shared information literacy program. The type of content is activity will to do (new post), activity has done (lost post), or news from government, policy from Forum of Reading Community Indonesia, and The Indonesian National Library. They posted information about Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan in the Reels, Single image, and Live Streaming. User’s in other region can watch and send some question by Instagram. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province hasn’t privat account in WhatsApp, but they made some name group. The account is Forum TBM Provinsi Jawa Barat. Volunteers in the reading communities West Java Province joined this account and gave the information about literacy program. Volunteers Forum of Reading Community West Java Province as admin to manage this account. Volunteers from reading communities can give, shared, discuss, ask question, and feed back information Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. As a matter of fact, person as a new volunteer in a reading community and build reading community can join in this group. Social media Youtube using for shared video activity in literacy program, especially Ancient Bandung Literacy. The one program in Ancient Bandung Literacy is documentation video historical ancient Bandung. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province hired the videographer from Jakarta to make this video. We remember that Forum of Reading Community West Java launched reading community and gave historical documentation workshop to Pabukon Ngadongeng Reading Community, Sanghyang Kenit Reading Community, Saung Bentang Reading Community, and Kembang Citarum Reading Community. They made video shot at four reading communities. They interviewed public pigure, farmer, craftsmen, village government, and humanist. We knew that Forum of Reading Community West Java Province have skill in organizing work. They practiced manage in organization with diversity from volunteers. McKay and Avery (2015) said that diversity in organization as valuable to organizational functioning. If organization has diversity, organization will develop follow the development the knowledge. So, how do they can collaborate with diversity? Universities have some component from lecturer, student, staf, and alumni. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province have skill organizing work through practice in their community. And then, they learn again about organizing work from universities with collaboration in literacy program. In this case, we look that diversity isn’t trouble in the organization. Diversity is the method to communicate with other. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province always try blind in with people from other background. They keep network to develop literacy program. So, Forum of Reading Community West Java Province has success in building group cohesion. Colbry et al. (2014) said that building group cohesion have correlation with leadership. The Head of Forum of Reading Community West Java Province offline communication with universities. She with volunteers came to the universities and discuss about literacy program. Volunteers learn that action is the main point in the literacy program. When we action something, we will give real something. Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan can not be implemented without action and observation to community.

Collaboration model of Forum of Reading Community West Java Province supported individual and team to implement literacy program with Universitas Langlabuana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, and Universitas Padjadjaran. They were success held these program. The program are Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. Forum of Reading Community West Java Province collaboration with universities on two of literacy program. Universities supported as speaker, participant, editor, and consultant in Ancient Bandung Literacy and Sawala Kamisan. Volunteer is a individual in this community. They have the main role in the implementation literacy program. They learned how to manage the organization from Forum of Reading Community West Java. And the point success the literacy program in the collaboration with universities are active volunteers. We will develop the topic about literacy program in the reading community. We will research about pratic or method literacy in the reading communities in West Java Province.