Identified Themes in the Implementation of SDGs for Developing Public Library Service Indicators: A Scoping Review

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the UN are crucial, and public libraries are significant contributors in helping to reach them. Public libraries provide equitable, sustainable access to information, enhance sustainable development through quality education, reduce inequality, and foster sustainable communities. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) has acknowledged the significant role of libraries in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by offering “Toolkit: Libraries, Development and the United Nations 2030 Agenda”, which emphasizes how libraries can support the 17 SDGs through their various programs and services (IFLA, 2021). Various studies show that public libraries can be a catalyst for sustainable development by providing access to information, knowledge, and technology for all levels of society (Omona, 2020; Mahdi, Hasanah, & Asari, 2020; Bala Sankar & Bala Sankar, 2022). Library services also need to emphasize Sustainable Development on sustainable welfare targets with three main pillars: economic growth, social inclusion, and the environment (Halisçelik & Soytas, 2019). Library services are aimed at human development, and human development can be achieved in a sustainable, environmentally sound manner (Jain & Jain, 2020). Libraries and librarians’ roles in ensuring cyberethical behaviour (Dunmade & Tella, 2023). Public libraries can be a tool for implementing sustainable development goals by collaborating with other organizations or institutions (Salubuyi et al., 2022). Based on the research findings, they can be grouped thematically, namely: Access and Availability of Information Access to information Technology for all levels of society People Knowledge Social inclusion Human development Planet The environment Prosperity Economic growth Peace Promoting cyberethics Partnership Collaborating with other organizations or institutions Access and Availability of Information is a service that can be used for all SDG indicators. The scope and findings of these studies indicate that public libraries can participate in implementing the SDGs. However, no prior study has systematically synthesized the service indicators used by public libraries in operationalizing the SDGs. While there is general awareness of public libraries' potential to support the SDGs, there is still a gap in understanding how library organizations implement SDG principles into their service indicators. Service indicators are statements that public libraries can use to provide services in order to achieve the SDGs. The diverse experiences of library organizations in different countries in adopting and adapting the SDGs show significant variations in approach. However, there has been no comprehensive synthesis that identifies best practices and valuable lessons from these experiences. This scoping review aims to explore and map themes as a framework for developing public library service indicators to support the achievement of the SDGs. It is hoped that understanding these themes will provide insight for library practitioners, policy makers, and researchers about effective strategies for aligning public library services with the Sustainable Development agenda.

This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the scoping review criteriaestablished by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien (2010). Ascoping review facilitated the examination of all pertinent evidence about the specifictopic, irrespective of individual study designs, while maintaining a systematic andrigorous methodology (Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien, 2010). Identifying themes andintegrating them into public library services is essential for advancing the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs).Step One: Research QuestionThis review was guided by the following research question: “What themes wereidentified in developing public library service indicators in support of SDGsimplementation?”Step Two: Identification of Relevant ReferencesThis study employed a three-step search strategy, according to Joanna BriggsInstitute (JBI) scoping review guidelines (Peters et al., 2015). The initial step was a limitedsearch in the keywords: “SDGs” and “Indicator”, “SDGs“ and “serve”, “SDGs” and “library”,“SDGs” and “serve of public library”, “IFLA Guidences”, “IFLA Guidences” and “SDGs”, public library website in developed country”, “public library website in developmentcountry”, “the Indicators of SDG Index in Indonesia”. The researcher subsequentlyexamined the text for terminology present in the titles and abstracts of the retrievedjournal articles to identify suitable key phrases, “SDGs” and “Indicator”, “SDGs“ and“serve”, “SDGs” and “library”, “SDGs” and “serve of public library”. The researcher analyzedthe content for the keywords: “IFLA Guidences”, “IFLA Guidences” and “SDGs”.Furthermore, the keywords of “public library website in developed country”, “publiclibrary website in developing country”, the researcher analyzed based on the servicesoffered by public libraries. While for keywords “the Indicators of SDG Index in Indonesia”,the researcher analyzed the indicator theme.Step Three: Selection of References and DataManagement ProcessReferences were incorporated according to the subsequent criteria:PRISMA (Tricco et al., 2018)Step Four: Charting the DataAt this point, the researcher compiled data from the 68 included references into atable categorizing themes, detailed aspects, and sources. This phase was crucial fordelineating the data format and extracting information.Step Five: Collating, Summarizing, and Reporting ResultsAt this stage, the researcher utilized Excel to systematically organize the acquireddata and facilitate coding into several themes. Thematic analysis was employed to detect,analyze, and narrate emerging patterns (Levac, Colquhoun, & O’Brien, 2010)

The themes indicators developed to evaluate support for public library services are meant to develop public library service indicators to achieve the SDGs. In this research, themes identified are divided into five indicators based on the grouping of SDG indicators into five pillars, including People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership (UN, 2015).The people (social) pillar consists of SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 3 (Good health and well-being), SDG 4 (Quality education), and SDG 5 (Gender equality). The planet (environment) pillar consists of SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (Climate action), SDG 14 (Life below water), and SDG 15 (Life on land). The prosperity (economic) pillar consists of SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities), and SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities). The peace pillar consists of SDG 16 (Peace, justice, and strong institutions). The partnership pillar consists of 17 (Partnerships for the goals).The themes indicators of the five pillars in achieving the SDGs are sourced from IFLA guidelines, research results, best practices of libraries from various countries, and the Indicators of SDG Index in Indonesia. The following are the results of theme identification, which can be used as a reference in developing public library service indicators to support the achievement of SDGs implementation.Table 1: THEMES IDENTIFIED OF PEOPLE PILLAR INDICATOR (SOCIAL INDICATOR)SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 3 (Good health and well-being), SDG 4 (Quality education), SDG 5 (Gender equality)THEMESDETAILED ASPECTSSOURCESAccess to information, references, and reader advisory servicesAccess to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)Musa, Aji, & Yisadoko (2023)Providing access to informationLestari & Purwaningtyas (2023)Access available in rural and remote communitiesIFLA (2018)Access to technologyUllah & Usman (2023)Open accessRudiansyah (2023)Equitable access for allUllah, Usman, & Kabir Khan (2023)Provision of open access to informationOfodu & Okwoli (2023)Freedom of informationIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)References servicesCabonero, (2023); Delhi Public Library/DPL, India, (2024); National Library of Myanmar/Yangon (2024)Instructions servicesCabonero (2023)Provide informationNel et al. (2024)Information management skills and open-access platforms to facilitate the discovery and retrieval of evidence on the SDGsNel et al. (2024)Information services using printIFLA Publications 147 - Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Information services using electronic mediaIFLA Publications 147 - Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Readers’ advisory servicesIFLA Publications 147 - Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Information consultation servicesGinting et al. (2023)User assistanceBasurto, Martínez-Camacho, & Calderón-Swain (2022)Skills development services for educational developmentTechConnect Class is a program that provides free technology trainingNew York Public Library, USA (2024)Courses and learningAmsterdam Public Library/OBA, Netherlands (2024)Free Online CoursesAmsterdam Public Library/OBA, Netherlands (2024)Learning CentersDublin City Public Libraries, Ireland (2024)Training courses and workshopsAbdul Hameed Shoman Foundation Public Library, Jordan (2024)Training programsLestari & Purwaningtyas (2023)Information literacy programsIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Training to userIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Digital literacyToronto Public Library, Canada (2022); Amsterdam Public Library/OBA, Netherlands (2024); Ylipulli et al. (2023)Media literacyNational Library of Nigeria (2024)Information literacyNational Library of Nigeria (2024); Unegbu, Immaculata, & Emuchay (2023)Data literacyNational Library of Nigeria (2024)Digital literacy policiesMahendra et al. (2022)Organizing information literacy trainingDei & Asante (2022)Involving library visitors in regular information literacy programsDei & Asante, 2022Arts & CraftsNational Library of the Philippines (2024)Interactive learningNational Library of Nigeria (2024); Ashanti Regional Library, Ghana (2024)Training and tutoring related to music learningBibliothèques de la Ville de Paris, France (2024)Training and tutoring related to languagesBibliothèques de la Ville de Paris, France (2024)Cultural developmentIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Promotion of readingAmsterdam Public Library/OBA, Netherlands (2024); IFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Encouraging readingUllah & Usman (2023)Promoting literacyChaitra D & Maranna O (2023)Promoting knowledgeHamad & Al-Fadel (2022)Knowledge HubNational Library of the Philippines (2024)Development of knowledgeChatterjee, Samanta, & Dey (2023)Supporting SDG achievement through knowledge platforms/Supporting SDG achievement needs further optimizationRestiana & Syekti (2023)Access to local language servicesAccess to information in local languagesIFLA (2018)Collections, including the native literature of the group, and reflecting the oral tradition and non-written knowledge of the peopleIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Access to digital servicesDigital librariesGinting et al. (2023)Digital adoptionUllah, Usman, & Kabir Khan (2023)Online servicesWinata, Fadelina, & Sulistyo-Basuki (2020)Digital servicesBasurto, Martínez-Camacho, & Calderón-Swain (2022)Provides platform for e-books using IoT (Beacon) technologyPerpustakaan Awam Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2024)Smart libraryBhuyan & Bipasha (2023)Digital applicationsBasurto, Martínez-Camacho, & Calderón-Swain (2022)ICT-based servicesPaik (2023)AI technology-based servicesAbba (2023)Physical/traditional servicesMobile librariesIFLA (2018)Mobile libraryEdinburgh City Library, Scotland (2024)Mobile Library servicesKenya National Library Service/KNLS (2024)Braille services to institutions for visually impaired personsKenya National Library Service/KNLS (2024)Libraries for elderly, housebound, or disabled readersEdinburgh City Library, Scotland (2024)The library and cultural projects on the ground and onlineAbdul Hameed Shoman Foundation Public Library, Jordan (2024)Physical facility servicesRudiansyah (2023)Modern libraryBala Sankar & Bala Sankar (2022)Services to special customer groups: special transportIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services to special customer groups: services taken to the homes of those people who are houseboundIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services to special customer groups: services taken to factories and industrial premises for employeesIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services to special customer groups: services for those confined in institutions, e.g., prisons and hospitalsIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services to special customer groups: special equipment and reading materials for those with physical and sensory disabilitiesIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services to special customer groups: special materials for people with learning difficultiesIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Services for ethnic groups and indigenous peoples should be developed in consultation with the group concernedIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Access to information sources and providing counselling on family planningInformation on food security, health, democracy, population, education, family planning, youth empowerment, gender equality, environment, climate change, human rights, and science and technology as reflected by Uganda Vision 2040 if socio-economic transformation is to take placeOmona (2020)Family planning is a basic determinant of the quality of life of individuals and the general populationEuropean Commission (2013)The information and knowledge of family planning does not only enable women and men to control their family size, but also guarantees citizens’ health and rights, improves families quality of life, and is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent maternal, infant, and child mortalityChukwuji et al. (2018)Implementing sustainable innovationInnovationSivalingam & Gamage (2023); Chankseliani & McCowan (2021)Service innovationSrirahayu, Harrisanti, & Anugrah (2023)Reference Service innovationSuthiprapa & Tuamsuk (2022)Digital innovationYlipulli et al. (2023)YOUmedia Chicago: Innovative digital learning space for teensChicago Public Library/CPL, USA (2009)Innovation StationsQatar National Library (2024)Food security and improving nutritionAccess to agricultural researchIFLA (2018)Access to research and data on crops, market information, and farming methodsIFLA (2018)Zero hungerBangani (2023)Sustainable agricultureSivalingam & Gamage (2023)UndernourishmentIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)StuntingIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Good health and well-beingProviding health information to vulnerable groupsIFLA (2018)Developing health literacy skillsIFLA (2018)Providing help in researching and acquiring appropriate health insuranceIFLA (2018)Organizing and participating in first aid trainingIFLA (2018)Good health and well-beingBangani (2023)Neonatal mortalityIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Incidence of tuberculosis and new HIV infectionsIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Inclusive spaceInclusionToronto Public Library, Canada (2022)Giving attention to all layers of society to those who are potentially marginalizedMahdi, Hasanah, & Asari (2020)Improving social inclusionBouaamri (2023)Incubators of social inclusionHaryanto, Laugu, & Zulaikha (2024)Multilingual servicesMultilingual servicesStockholm Public Library, Sweden-Gupta, 2014Services to support students in learning assistance and supporting classes in teaching and learning activities at schoolAfter-school supportIFLA (2018)Programmes addressing subject areas with high failure ratesIFLA (2018)Support classes in teaching and learning activities at schoolDublin City Public Libraries, Ireland (2024)Programs and services designed to meet women's needsMeeting the needs of the customersIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Identifying potential customersIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Access information about their rights and healthIFLA (2018)Access to information sources and counseling on family planning by modern methodsFamily planning by modern methodIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Table 2: THEMES IDENTIFIED OF THE PLANET PILLAR INDICATOR (ENVIRONMENT INDICATOR)SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (Climate action), SDG 14 (Life below water), SDG 15 (Life on land)THEMESDETAILED ASPECTSSOURCESAccess to quality information and best practices that support local water and sanitation managementProvide public access to information on water, energy usage, and sanitationIFLA (2018)Sharing and circulating library materials that reduce wasteSharing and circulating library materials that reduce wasteIFLA (2018)Reduce carbon footprint and environmental impact by offering loan services for all types of materialsIFLA (2018)Offering access to 3D printers and digital manufacturing skills allow people to develop their own creativity using recycled materialsIFLA (2018)To raise awareness to sustainable consumption and productionIFLA (2018)Implementing green library strategiesGreen Library StrategiesManna & De Sarkar (2022)Green ConstructionMoreno et al. (2022)Creating a repository of information regarding historical records/documentation of land use and coastal changes, disaster management and risk mitigationProviding access to reliable data, research and knowledge that supports informed research and public access to information about climate change.IFLA (2018)Ensure long term access to environmental data and information for future generations through thorough preservation strategies that outlast the policies of individual governments.IFLA (2018)Providing information resources and raising awareness about the impacts of climate changeRaise awareness among younger generations about the critical and urgent need to protect our environment and to work together to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change.IFLA (2018)Giving access to data and information related to and sustainably using oceans, seas and marine resourcesSupport decision-making by preserving and giving access to data and information related to the sustainable use of oceans, seas and other water bodies, appropriate fishing practices, and effective water managementIFLA (2018)The area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversityIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocksIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Fish caught by trawling or dredgingIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Open access to information to guide decision-making by local and national governments on various matters/activitiesRaise awareness among younger generations about the need to respect and protect natureIFLA (2018)Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversityIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversityIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)DeforestationIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Open access to biodiversity data and literatureFoster research and help protect the earth’s ecosystems by offering open access to biodiversity data and literatureIFLA (2018)Table 3: THEMES IDENTIFIED OF THE PROSPERITY PILLAR INDICATOR (ECONOMIC INDICATOR)SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities), SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities)THEMESDETAILED ASPECTSSOURCESAccess to electricity and light for reading, learning, and workingProvide access to light and electricityIFLA (2018)Actively involved in energy-saving environmental conservation and installing energy-saving lighting systems when renovationsProvide public-access computers, powered by solar panels or generatorsIFLA (2018)Providing an "Environmental Information Resource Center" program that enables disseminating information about the environment to the community by using natural resources appropriatelyIFLA (2018)Employment and career servicesPublic access to ICTs and training at libraries enable people to apply for jobsIFLA (2018)Library staff who can help user write their CV, send online applications, scan certificates and diplomas, and find the right jobIFLA (2018)Offer employment clubs to share tips and resources with other job-seekers in the same areaIFLA (2018)Careers@Gov is a free information of a variety of job opportunitiesNational Library Board Singapore/NLBS (2024)UnemploymentIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia; Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Entrepreneurial Services and ProgrammesStartSpace is a free business support serviceState Library Victoria, Australia (2024)Entrepreneurship seminarsTanzania Library Services Board/TLSB (2024)Provides workshops and training servicesTanzania Library Services Board/TLSB (2024)Innovation StationsQatar National Library (2024)Sharing SpaceNational Library of Vietnam/NLV (2024)Oodi meeting place is a place that provide reading rooms, workspaces, and group roomsOodi Helsinki Central Library, Finland (2024)Business & IP Centre serviceBritish Library (2024)WorkshopsNational Library of Nigeria (2024)Incubators of entrepreneurshipHaryanto, Laugu, & Zulaikha (2024)Access to research infrastructure, data and quality information to foster innovation and competitivenessProvide access to research infrastructure, data, and quality information to foster innovation and competitivenessIFLA (2018)Entrepreneurship training as well as legal and financial adviceOffer entrepreneurship training as well as legal and financial advice to help entrepreneurs start-up their businessesIFLA (2018)Safe and civic spaces open to all in both urban and rural areasProviding safe, civic spaces open to all in both urban and rural areasIFLA (2018)Foster community engagement and citizen participation through local programmes and partnerships with other civil society organisations and local governmentsFoster community engagement and citizen participation through local programmes and partnerships with other civil society organisations and local governmentsIFLA (2018)Friendly and neutral spaces for learning that are open to everyoneEquitable access to information, freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, and privacyIFLA (2018)Cultural heritage documentation and preservation for future generationsSafeguarding and preserving invaluable documentary heritage, in all forms, for future generationsIFLA (2018)Traditional knowledge and its use in modern societyStrengthening local community culture and supporting inclusive and sustainable urban developmentIFLA (2018)A safe space for older people, homeless people, refugees, and immigrants offering opportunities to socialise and take part in cultural activitiesProvide a safe space for older people, offering opportunities to socialise and take part in cultural activitiesIFLA (2018)Provide space for immigrants, people experiencing homelessness, and refugeesIFLA (2018)Table 4: THEMES IDENTIFIED OF THE PEACE PILLAR INDICATORSDG 16 (Peace, justice, and strong institutions)THEMESDETAILED ASPECTSSOURCESPromote cyber ethicsPromoting cyber ethics by providing access to resources and training sessions on cyber ethics, developing policies and guidelines for appropriate behavior, and enforcing these policies through monitoring tools and filtering software, as well as providing support and guidance to users.Dunmade & Tella (2023)Access to information with skilled staffInformation source, with skilled staff that help individuals, institutions and governments to communicate, organise, structure, and use information in a meaningful way to promote developmentIFLA (2018)Birth registrationsBirth registrations with civil authorityIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Political awareness and community participation programsPolitical developmentFriday & Chinwe (2023)Providing adequate political informationOfodu & Okwoli (2023)Reorientation of political cultureOfodu & Okwoli (2023)Creation of political awarenessOfodu & Okwoli (2023)Guarantee public access to information and protect fundamental freedomsAccess to and affordability of justiceIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Children involved in child laborIndicators of SDG Index in Indonesia (2024); Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller (2024)Table 5: THEMES IDENTIFIED OF THE PARTNERSHIP PILLAR INDICATORSDG 17 (Partnerships for the goals)THEMESDETAILED ASPECTSSOURCESA global network of community-based institutions to support local and national development plansLibraries partner at all levels with local, regional and national civil society institutions, governments and organisations from private sectors to offer community-based programmes and services that engage and empower citizens, in turn, strengthening societiesIFLA (2018)Partnership with the MinistryAbdul Hameed Shoman Foundation Public Library, Jordan (2024)International cooperationNational Library of Vietnam/NLV (2024)Encourage collaboration and partnershipsNel et al. (2024)Partnership servicesSivalingam & Gamage (2023)Partnerships & collaborationsIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Library collaboration programsLestari & Purwaningtyas (2023)RelationshipsDabengwa (2024)Providing collaborative areas for group workUllah & Usman (2023)Co-operation and resource sharingIFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin (2010)Partnership between social work and public librariesPartnership between social work and public librariesWilliams & Ogden's (2023)Integrate data nationally into Big DataBig dataKiconco (2018)Discussion of the Five PillarsThis scoping review sought to understand the themes identified that can be used as a reference in developing public library service indicators that support or even achieve the SDGs. Here, there are various themes grouped into 5 main pillars to make it easier to understand. However, each SDG indicator is interconnected, including the relationship between one pillar and another. The following are the discussion results for each pillar.1. PEOPLE PILLAR INDICATOR (SOCIAL INDICATOR)The people pillar indicator is identical to the social conditions of the community or public library users. SDG 1 (No poverty) reflects a society that does not experience hunger, namely SDG 2 (Zero hunger), has good health and well-being, namely SDG 3 (Good health and well-being), gets adequate education, namely SDG 4 (Quality education), and receive equal treatment, especially for women, namely SDG 5 (Gender equality).Therefore, public libraries need to provide skills development services for educational development related to knowledge development (Chatterjee, Samanta, & Dey, 2023); provide access to local language services (IFLA, 2018) namely by providing collections, including the native literature of the group and reflecting the oral tradition, and non-written knowledge of the people (IFLA Publications 147-Koontz and Gubbin, 2010); provide access to digital services (Basurto, Martínez-Camacho, & Calderón-Swain, 2022) identical to ICT-based services (Paik, 2023). Physical or traditional services related to the availability of physical service facilities or onsite services (Bala Sankar & Bala Sankar, 2022) for all circles.Public libraries need to give access to information sources and provide counselling on family planning to ensure the welfare of society in building families, including providing access to information sources and counseling on family planning by modern methods (Indicators of SDG Index in Indonesia, 2024; Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller, 2024). This is because a prosperous family has an impact on the sustainability of the quality of life. Knowledge of family planning empowers individuals to regulate family size, enhances family quality of life, and serves as a highly cost-effective method to reduce maternal, infant, and child mortality (Chukwuji et al., 2018). Public libraries can also provide information resources and raise awareness regarding food security and improving nutrition to minimize or reduce hunger (Bangani, 2023), which happens in society. Public libraries can participate in creating good health and well-being for the community by developing health literacy skills (IFLA, 2018). Multilingual services (Stockholm Public Library, Sweden dikutip Gupta, 2014) become a strategic bridge in accessing information for people who have different language backgrounds.Services to support students in learning assistance and supporting classes in teaching and learning activities at school can be the best solution for students in after-school support (IFLA, 2018) and also the learning process in school. Apart from being a service provided directly in the library, it is also the result of collaboration between the public library and the school. Public libraries can also participate in providing programs and services designed to meet the needs of all users (IFLA Publication 147-Koontz and Gubbin, 2010), including women, to support or achieve gender equality.2. PLANET PILLAR INDICATOR (ENVIRONMENT INDICATOR)The planet pillar indicator is identical to environmental conditions, namely SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (Climate action), SDG 14 (Life below water), and SDG 15 (Life on land). Public libraries can participate in preserving a sustainable environment and implement green library strategies (Manna & De Sarkar, 2022) also providing access to quality information and best practices that support local water and sanitation management referring to the indicator provide public access to information on water, energy usage, and sanitation (IFLA, 2018), for example through: sharing and circulating library materials that reduce waste; creating a repository of information regarding historical records/documentation of land use and coastal changes; disaster management and risk mitigation; providing information resources and raising awareness about the impacts of climate change; giving access to data and information related to sustainably using oceans, seas and marine resources; open access to information to guide decision-making by local and national governments on various matters/activities; and open access to biodiversity data and literature.3. PROSPERITY PILLAR INDICATOR (ECONOMIC INDICATOR)The prosperity pillar indicator is identical to the economic conditions of the community. Sustainable economic conditions can be achieved by referring to SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG 9 (Industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities), and SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities).Public libraries can participate in efforts to improve community conditions through programs and services proposed by IFLA (2018), among others: access to electricity and light for reading, learning, and working; providing an "Environmental Information Resource Center" program that enables disseminating information about the environment to the community by using natural resources appropriately; employment and career services; access to research infrastructure, data and quality information to foster innovation and competitiveness; entrepreneurship training as well as legal and financial advice; safe and civic spaces open to all in both urban and rural areas; foster community engagement and citizen participation through local programmes and partnerships with other civil society organisations and local governments; friendly and neutral spaces for learning that are open to everyone; cultural heritage documentation and preservation for future generations; traditional knowledge and its use in modern society; and safe space for older people, homeless people, refugees, and immigrants offering opportunities to socialise and take part in cultural activities; as well as entrepreneurial services and programmes or incubators of entrepreneurship (Haryanto, Laugu, & Zulaikha, 2024). In addition, public libraries must actively participate in energy-saving environmental conservation and install energy-saving lighting systems when renovating (IFLA, 2018).4. PEACE PILLAR INDICATORPeace is the key to human life being able to continue and be sustainable. The peace pillar indicator is identical to SDG 16 (Peace, justice, and strong institutions). Public libraries can participate and contribute to realizing world peace through: promote cyber ethics by providing access to resources and training sessions on cyber ethics; developing policies and guidelines for appropriate behavior; and enforcing these policies through monitoring tools and filtering software; as well as providing support and guidance to users (Dunmade & Tella, 2023); access to information with skilled staff that help individuals, institutions and governments to communicate, organise, structure and use information in a meaningful way to promote development (IFLA, 2018); offer services of political awareness and community participation programs (Ofodu & Okwoli, 2023); as well as guarantee public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms under national laws and international treaties by giving access to and affordability of justice and Children involved in child labor (Indicators of SDG Index in Indonesia, 2024; Sachs, Lafortune, & Fuller, 2024).5. PARTNERSHIP PILLAR INDICATORCollaboration is crucial in realizing the achievement of library services in supporting the implementation of SDGs. This collaboration is identical to SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Public libraries must strengthen cooperation and collaboration with government agencies and non-governmental organizations, both local, national, and international; a global network of community-based institutions to support local and national development plans (IFLA, 2018).Cooperation and collaboration between public libraries and communities can be achieved through partnerships between social work and public libraries (Williams & Ogden's, 2023). In this case, public libraries build closeness and provide opportunities for the community to participate in library programs through social work. In addition, integrating data nationally in collaboration with government, communities, and the private sector into big data (Kiconco, 2018) is a crucial issue in order to build shared data. The goal is for the data to be used as evaluation material to develop better programs in the future.Based on the results of the discussion of the themes in the five pillars that have been discussed, then implementing sustainable innovation (Sivalingam & Gamage, 2023; Chankseliani & McCowan, 2021) It is essential to continue to do this to ensure the sustainability of public library services and their ability to remain on track in supporting the achievement of SDGs in accordance with ever-changing challenges. In addition, the availability of inclusive space is critical to ensure (Toronto Public Library, Canada, 2022). Basically, public libraries have the main task of providing access to information (Lestari & Purwaningtyas, 2023), references (Cabonero, 2023; Delhi Public Library/DPL, India, 2024; National Library of Myanmar/Yangon, 2024), and reader advisory services (Ginting et al., 2023) on all information on the 17 SDG indicators.

Meninjau dari riset yang sudah diadakan jadi bisa diambil intinya jika skor reratakeselur Themes that can be used as references in developing public library serviceindicators to support the achievement of SDGs vary in various studies, guidelines, bestpractices, and SDGs indicator indices. This phenomenon shows that the informationneeded by the community is very diverse according to the social and economicbackground of the community, including the living conditions of the community itself,namely, from the environmental conditions and peaceful places. In addition, publiclibraries need to build strong collaboration at local, national, and global levels, includingcollaboration between public libraries and the community in realizing the serviceprograms that they have planned. Continuous innovation and building stable big data arealso essential supporting points to ensure that public library services can continue to existto meet the SDGs targets in 2030.