SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW : IMPLEMENTATION OF ORGANIZING KNOWLEDGE AT COLLEGE LIBRARY IN INDONESIA

As an information institution, library has focus on knowledge management. The core activity of a library consists of the repository or storage of a collection of library materials which are then categorized, organized, and organized for the convenience of its users. The application of organizing knowledge in libraries is very crucial for the continuity and performance of a library. Organizing knowledge is one phase or part of the overall knowledge management. Referring to the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), knowledge management is a process consisting of creating (generating, capturing), storing (preserving, organizing, integrating), sharing (communicating), applying (implementing), and reusing ( transforming) knowledge of an organization to achieve a vision, targets and goals of the organization (Husain, 2013). The organizing knowledge phase is the phase that has the longest deadline because it functions in the storage aspect. Thus, this phase requires careful and thoughtful attention from library. The Organizing knowledge aspect is intended to cover all types of schemes that organize information and knowledge in knowledge management (KM). This aspect includes a classification scheme that organizes library materials or materials in general (such as books on a shelf), subject titles that provide more detailed access, and special files that control variant versions of key information (such as geographic names and personal names (CLIR, 2019). They also include more modern schemes, such as semantic networks and ontologies.Since organizing knowledge is a mechanism for organizing information, they are at the heart of every library, museum, and archive. The concept of organizing knowledge in Indonesian libraries has its own challenges in its application. This depends on the conditions and situations that accompany the level of development of the library itself. The management of the implementation of organizing knowledge includes various aspects and elements that comply with it. In this study, this will be elaborated and described using a systematic literature review method. B. LITERATURE REVIEW Organizing knowledge includes all forms of activities in an effort to process and organize a group of sources of knowledge and information. In the context of libraries, organizing knowledge is the activity of processing documents, indexing and classifying library materials in libraries, databases or archives (Hjorland, 2008). Organizing knowledge is a fairly important aspect of knowledge management in general. Knowledge management is a system designed to create, document, classify and disseminate knowledge within the organization. The concept of knowledge management has helped many organizations in ensuring that a wealth or knowledge asset is managed, including for libraries and other information institutions in Indonesia. The concept of Knowledge Management in the library as a knowledge management method that has a lot of information that demands a change to a modern method (Haryanto, 2018). The university library which has the function of collecting, processing, disseminating, storing and using information to provide services to its users needs to be improved in serving its users by becoming a learning organization that improves knowledge management with an innovation process. Knowledge management is closely related to the management of tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is knowledge that can be expressed in numerical words, and can be conveyed in the form of scientific formulas, specifications, standard operating procedures, charts, and manuals. This knowledge can be learned practically and easily. While tacit knowledge is knowledge that is personal and only owned by one individual in the form of personal feelings, intuition, physical experience, body language and practical instructions. The management of tacit knowledge requires a more specific and personal way according to the existing conditions. Activities that use the principles of knowledge management will produce maximum benefits for knowledge or information and the performance of an information center such as a university or college library. This can be seen, among others, in the more efficient use of human resources and goods resources, renewal of the quality of information received is better, the wider the opportunity to collaborate with higher education stakeholders. Then there is more interaction and involvement between users, internal users and external users, more intense interactions occur. Excellence can be obtained from a Knowledge Management that is applied to the library. This can be seen through creating new information products and services in the library, helping libraries implement new strategies in various utilization of collections and information updates, assist the library in implementing efficiency but still oriented towards optimal results. College libraries must focus on developing dynamic skills (upgrade skills) apart from basic skills. This is done in order to maintain the library's competitive advantage so that it remains relevant for a longer period of time. Implementation of Knowledge Management is not just a temporary project, but successful implementation of knowledge management requires careful and long-term planning. Organizing knowledge involves librarians, librarians are not only involved, but also must actively take the lead, take the initiative in managing knowledge. The university or college library is part of the academic library in Indonesia. College libraries play a role in supporting the achievement of the tridharma of higher education and the goals of a university or campus, in terms of research and learning.

The System Literature Review (SLR) approach is a research method to identify, evaluate and interpret all relevant research results related to certain research questions, certain topics, or phenomena of concern (Kitchenham in Siswanto, 2010). This study uses the SLR approach which aims to identify, evaluate and interpret previous studies related to the implementation of organizing knowledge in Indonesian libraries. The SLR method was used to conduct a qualitative descriptive study on a series of articles used. It aims to provide an in-depth overview of the specified topic, starting from the concept, characteristics and application in the field through the collection and analysis of several written works and sources that have been determined. Data collection in this study was carried out through a systematic literature study through the ResearchGate scientific writing portal. This research was structured in stages using the methods of planning (identifying research questions and limitations), conducting (tracing and identifying appropriate references to the study, extracting and synthesizing data), and reporting (Torres-Carrion et al., 2018). 1. Research Question There are several techniques in determining the types of questions in a study. In this study, researchers used the PICOC (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Context) approach from Petticrew and Roberts (2006). Research questions play an important role in directing research to focus on finding answers to the topics discussed. Tabel 1. Research Question Criteria Broad of Scope Population The target of this research is about the application of organizing knowledge in university libraries in Indonesia Intervention Model of organizing knowledge, process of organizing knowledge, application of organizing knowledge Comparison Not applied Outcomes Variations in the application of organizing knowledge in university libraries in Indonesia Context Research on organizing knowledge, research in university libraries, research in Indonesia Based on the scope of the research questions above, the research questions (RQ) are set as follows: RQ1: How is the distribution of the number of scientific works and research methods related to the implementation of organizing knowledge by university or college libraries in Indonesia? RQ2: How are the variations of the organizing knowledge model applied by university or college libraries in Indonesia? RQ3: What is the method of organizing knowledge used by university or college libraries in Indonesia 2. Searching Methods In order to achieve optimal search methods and results, the researchers formulated several keywords and search techniques through ResearchGate and then formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessment of research quality. The search in this study uses a Boolean search method with the use of the "AND" function. These methods and techniques aim to get search results that combine two or more keyword elements related to the topic being searched for. Researchers compiled a search formula by searching for the keywords "Organizing Knowledge" AND "Library" by selecting the year of publication in the last 10 years, starting from 2011 on the ResearchGate platform. The search for literature sources in this systematic review research uses the ResearchGate online database. This article database portal was chosen because it has good credibility among several similar search engine methods. ResearchGate also has quite a wide coverage and open access to Indonesian language literature, making it easier for writers to get literature that has good affinity with the topic and subject in question. In addition to using the keywords "Organizing Knowledge" and "library", the time span for the source of the articles taken is in the last ten years, to maintain the novelty aspect and see trends in the last decade. The screening and selection of literature sources is carried out to obtain more valid and specific sources so that they can be used as references in conducting a systematic literature review process. One of the screening methods is to apply inclusion and exclusion criteria. This technique is used to select appropriate scientific papers to answer this research question. The inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study can be seen in the following table 2. Tabel 2. Research Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion Exclusion All scientific works are in accordance with the research topic: organizing knowledge Scientific works that are not in accordance with the scope of the research topic: organizing knowledge All scientific papers published in the last 10 years starting from 2011-2021 Scientific papers published before 20112021 All scientific works that are in the scope of university libraries in Indonesia All scientific works that are outside the scope of university libraries in Indonesia All open-access scientific papers are available in fulltext Scientific works other than open-access and not available in full-text All scientific papers published in Indonesian Scientific papers published in other than Indonesian language 3. Quality Assessment These articles need a quality assessment or testing the quality value of the search results and the selection of each literature (Adrian et al., 2016). This is done with a pattern of question formulation as a quality assessment. This formula pattern has three answer choices; Yes with 1 point; Indecisive by 0.5 points; Not with 0 points. Table 3. Search Results Quality Assessment Quality Code Question Answer Type QA1 Is there a clear describe of the purpose of this research? Yes Indecisive Not 1 0,5 0 QA2 Is this research based on a case in Indonesia? Yes Indecisive Not 1 0,5 0 QA3 Does this research explain the implementation of organizing knowledge at college libraries in Indonesia? Yes Indecisive Not 1 0,5 0

Based on the results of searches and searches conducted through the scientific article search portal ResearchGate with a 10-year time span, from 2011 to 2021, 42 articles were found related to search keywords. After screening and selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 articles were found which were considered relevant to the topic of implementing organizing knowledge in Indonesian libraries. The result of articles that has been selected with details of the article as follows: A1=3; A2=3; A3=3; A4=3; A5=2,5; A6=3. Tabel 4. Result of Journal Articles Code Title Author; Year A1 “Model Knowledge Management di Perpustakaan Universitas Padjadjaran” Eko Retno, Risa Nurisani; 2020 A2 “Pengelolaan Tacit Knowledge dan Explicit Knowledge Pusat Perpustakaan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta” Lolytasari; 2017 A3 “Evaluasi Knowledge Management System Pada Aplikasi SIA (Sistem Informasi Akademik) Universitas Pamulang” Wasis Haryono; 2018 A4 “Membangun Knowledge Repository Untuk Mewujudkan Perpustakaan Sebagai Learning Center (Kajian UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Trunojoyo Madura)” Bondhan Endriawan, Priti Swasti; 2020 A5 “Tinjauan Information Common pada Desain dan Fasilitas di Library and Knowledge Center, Binus University” Erika Ravine; 2020 A6 “Knowledge Management di Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi” Haryanto; 2018 The systematic literature review, which is the method in this research, provides clear boundaries that the literature study is carried out in a systematic, detailed manner in identifying and analyzing a topic in depth. In this discussion section, the researcher will describe the findings and analysis based on the research questions that have been prepared. 1. How is the distribution of the number of scientific works and research methods related to the implementation of organizing knowledge by university or college libraries in Indonesia? (RQ1) After going through the search and screening process using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 (six) articles were obtained that are relevant to the application of organizing knowledge in university libraries in Indonesia. From the article, it is known that five articles use qualitative research methods, and only one article uses quantitative metho-dologies. The research methodology adapts to the purpose of an article. In this context, qualitative methods are widely used to describe and analyze the implementation of organizing knowledge in each library. Table 5 describes the research methods and objectives of each paper. Table 5. Method and Objectives of Journal Articles Code Method Objectives A1 Qualitative Building a knowledge management proposal model at the Padjadjaran University Library A2 Qualitative Provide an overview of the management of tacit and explicit knowledge at the UIN Hidayatullah Jakarta Library A3 Qualitative Analyzing the knowledge management system in the form of conversion of tacit to tacit and tacit to explicit knowledge A4 Qualitative Describe the process of developing a knowledge repository owned by the UPT Trunojoyo Madura University Library with the current conditions A5 Quantitative Researching the design and facilities of the Library and Knowledge Center (LKC) within BINUS University using the concept of information common A6 Qualitative Presenting a brief review of the performance of the university library related to the implementation of knowledge management in the university library. 2. How are the variations of the organizing knowledge model applied by university or college libraries in Indonesia? (RQ2) Based on the analysis of a number of articles and papers that have gone through the selection and sorting process, there are several variations of the organizing knowledge model applied to university libraries in Indonesia. It is known that each university library has its own process according to the goals and needs of the organization. Table 6 describes variations of the process model for implementing organizing knowledge in several university libraries in Indonesia. Table 6. Variations of the Organizing Knowledge Model Code Model A1 Knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application. A2 Guidelines for the Implementation of the Knowledge Management Program issued by the Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform. A3 The model used is the KM system architecture which consists of 4 layers; user interface, client interface layer, communication/transport layer and database of the KM system. A4 Knowledge repository through institutional repository. A5 Use of the information common model in the context of organizing knowledge. A6 Combination of the concept of organizing knowledge which related to aspects of library culture and the characteristics and skills of the librarian. 3. What is the method of organizing knowledge used by university or college libraries in Indonesia? (RQ3) Futhermore, Table 7 is the answer to the research question RQ3 regarding what is the method of organizing knowledge used by university or college libraries in Indonesia. Inn the table there are describes methods or processes for implementing organizing knowledge at university or college libraries in Indonesia. Table 7. Methods of Application of Organizing Knowledge Code Methods Type A1 The processing division selects, sorts and validates explicit knowledge in the KM information system through the KM institutional repository University library A2 Planning the implementation of knowledge management, implementing and evaluating and perfecting knowledge management (organizing knowledge) University library A3 Organizing knowledge is achieved by cataloging document media, meetings, audio communication and other media in the network. University library A4 Enrichment and storage of documents and classifying library materials in a repository system owned by the library. University library A5 Optimization of information technology helps Binus library to classify library materials and organize tacit and explicit knowledge. University library A6 Management of both tacit and explicit knowledge is an important element in the KM concept. Catalog, indexing, and classification systems refer to the importance and topics of each knowledge. College library 4. Data Analysis Results Based on the literature study that answers each research question, information has been obtained regarding the distribution of research regarding the application of organizing knowledge, the model used in the application of organizing knowledge and the method or process of organizing knowledge. Table 8. Data Analysis Results Research Question Aspect Data Analysis Results How is the distribution of the number of scientific works and research methods related to the implementation of organizing knowledge by university or college libraries in Indonesia? Distribution of the number of scientific works and research methods 5 qualita-tive, 1 quanti-tative How are the variations of the organizing knowledge model applied by university or college libraries in Indonesia? Variations of the organizing knowledge model KM phasing model, four layers of KM system What is the method of organizing knowledge used by university or college libraries in Indonesia? Method of organizing knowledge Reposi-tory, cataloging, indexing

Organizing knowledge is one part of the concept of knowledge management. Based on the analysis of selected scientific articles and works, it is known that studies related to the application of organizing knowledge are dominated by qualitative scientific works. The variety of organizing knowledge models varies depending on the conditions and characteristics of the library or information institution in question. The method of implementing organizing knowledge is the method of cataloging, repository, indexing and other methods that aim to systematically manage information or library materials.